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Local and regional changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weed communities in Burgundy (France) between the 1970s and the 2000s / Guillaume Fried in Botany letters, 163 (4) (December 2016) 

Public Citation [article]  inBotany letters > 163 (4) (December 2016) . - 359-371 Titre : Local and regional changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weed communities in Burgundy (France) between the 1970s and the 2000s Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Guillaume Fried, Auteur ; Fabrice Dessaint, Auteur ; Xavier Reboud, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 359-371 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Malherbologie Résumé : Human activities lead to a process of homogenization of biotas in which specialist species are increasingly replaced by common and widespread species. Using a 30-year diachronic record of arable weed communities, we tested this hypothesis by quantifying changes in α- and β- diversity, using both taxonomic and functional diversity and by partitioning β-diversity into species replacement and richness differences. Arable weed communities were sampled in the same 158 fields of the Côte-d’Or region (northeastern France) between the 1970s and the 2000s. For each period, each field was characterized by crop types, soil characteristics and a High Nature Value (HNV) farmland index based on agricultural intensification at the landscape level.At the field scale, we observed a loss of 46% and 38% in α-taxonomic and functional diversity,respectively, which was in accordance with the decrease in the HNV farmland index over the same period. At the regional scale, there was an increase of 15% and 21% in β-taxonomic and functional diversity (across fields), respectively. Crop type and soil characteristics explained similar levels of variation in species replacement, and crop type explained much larger richness differences in the 2000s suggesting that crop and associated practices may exert a high filtering effect. Our results also highlighted a marked decline of common weeds; a process that is far from being counterbalanced by the few colonizing weeds. Rather than to biotic homogenization, this pattern of loss has led to a higher differentiation of arable weed communities. This could correspond to a fragmentation of suitable habitats for species that depend on weeds. This pattern was associated with a decrease of species richness per field; the loss of common species and their associated functions may be of greater significance for agroecosystem functioning. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1080/23818107.2016.1234410 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=144355 Fried, Guillaume, Dessaint, Fabrice, Reboud, Xavier 2016 Local and regional changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of arable weed communities in Burgundy (France) between the 1970s and the 2000s. Botany letters, 163(4): 359-371.

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Management options for the conservation of rare arable plants in Europe / Harald Albrecht in Botany letters, 163 (4) (December 2016) 

Public Citation [article]  inBotany letters > 163 (4) (December 2016) . - 389-415 Titre : Management options for the conservation of rare arable plants in Europe Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Harald Albrecht ; Jocelyne Cambecèdes ; Marion Lang ; Markus Wagner Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 389-415 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Conservation et gestion des espèces [CBNPMP-Thématique] Mauvaises herbes [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : Rapid intensification of farming after 1950 resulted in a dramatic decline in plant species diversity in European arable ecosystems, and pronounced shifts in species composition, including severe decreases in many species closely adapted to traditional agricultural practices. These changes in the arable vegetation have also resulted in pronounced losses of food and habitat resources for the dependent fauna. To counter these trends, and to conserve traditional arable plant communities, various strategies have been developed, ranging from an integration of conservation aspects into existing farming systems with a focus on crop production (“land sharing strategies”) to “land sparing” measures where conservation aspects take priority over crop production. This review gives an overview of those strategies, with a particular focus on arable plant conservation. Among the systems integrating species conservation into regular crop production, good results were achieved with organic farming and traditional “low-intensity farming systems”. Where production-focused management cannot deliver rare species persistence, targeted conservation measures are required. A wide range of such measures is available, e.g. in the form of conservation headlands, uncropped cultivated field margins, and wildflower strips, and in the form of arable reserves and fields primarily managed for conservation objectives. Finally, we discuss the possibility of re-introducing rare arable species at suitable sites, highlighting the importance of favourable management for successful establishment, based on existing experimental evidence. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1080/23818107.2016.1237886 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148915 Albrecht, Harald, Cambecèdes, Jocelyne, Lang, Marion, Wagner, Markus 2016 Management options for the conservation of rare arable plants in Europe. Botany letters, 163(4): 389-415.

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Agroecology and conservation of weed diversity in agricultural lands / Sabrina Gaba in Botany letters, 163 (4) (December 2016) 

Public Citation [article]  inBotany letters > 163 (4) (December 2016) . - 351-354 Titre : Agroecology and conservation of weed diversity in agricultural lands Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Sabrina Gaba (1978-) ; Xavier Reboud ; Guillaume Fried Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 351-354 Langues : Anglais (eng) Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1080/23818107.2016.1236290 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153917 Gaba, Sabrina (1978-), Reboud, Xavier, Fried, Guillaume 2016 Agroecology and conservation of weed diversity in agricultural lands. Botany letters, 163(4): 351-354.

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A plant trait-based response-and-effect framework to assess vineyard inter-row soil management / Elena Kazakou in Botany letters, 163 (4) (December 2016) 

Public Citation [article]  inBotany letters > 163 (4) (December 2016) . - 373-388 Titre : A plant trait-based response-and-effect framework to assess vineyard inter-row soil management Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Elena Kazakou ; Guillaume Fried ; J. Richarte ; O. Gimenez ; Cyrille Violle ; Aurélie Metay Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 373-388 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole [CBNPMP-Thématique] Formation herbeuse, ligneuse (vigne, verger..) Résumé : Biodiversity impacts ecosystem properties and the ecosystem services provided by those ecosystems. As a result, promoting plant diversity in agricultural systems has been a key issue in agriculture over recent years. In this context, weeds have an important role in maintaining field biodiversity, when it is balanced with their potential negative impact on crop production. Functional trait diversity, rather than the diversity of species per se, is a facet of biodiversity most directly related to species and community responses to management practices, with subsequent consequences for ecosystem services. Trait-based approaches, originally developed in the field of comparative ecology, allowed the description of weed species responses to management practices in annual crop systems. Here, we aimed to extend the trait-based approach to the spontaneous vegetation of vineyards. First, we propose a brief summary of current knowledge about weed communities in vineyards. Then we show how the relationships between management practices, weeds and grape vines can be translated into a response–effect framework: soil management practices (tillage, cover crops, spontaneous vegetation) can be considered as environmental filters that determine the composition and structure of vegetation, which, in turn, modify grapevine growth conditions in the vineyard. Finally, we tested this framework in a Mediterranean vineyard where, for 2 years, we characterized the responses of different components of weed communities (taxonomic and functional composition) in three inter-row management practices (tillage, cover crops and mowing spontaneous vegetation) and their effects on several grapevine processes (vine yield, vine leaf water potential and assimilable nitrogen in must). Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1080/23818107.2016.1232205 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153924 Kazakou, Elena, Fried, Guillaume, Richarte, J., Gimenez, O., Violle, Cyrille, Metay, Aurélie 2016 A plant trait-based response-and-effect framework to assess vineyard inter-row soil management. Botany letters, 163(4): 373-388.

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