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Auteur Peter John Edwards (1948-) |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (9)
Affiner la rechercheEcological engineering and sustainable development / Peter John Edwards (1997)
Titre : Ecological engineering and sustainable development Type de document : Extrait d'ouvrage Auteurs : Peter John Edwards (1948-) ; Cyrus Abivardi Année de publication : 1997 Importance : p. 325-352 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85370 Edwards, Peter John (1948-), Abivardi, Cyrus 1997 Ecological engineering and sustainable development. In: Restoration ecology and sustainable development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 325-352.Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations / M Keller (2000)
Titre : Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations Type de document : Tiré à part de revue Auteurs : M Keller ; Johannes Kollmann (1963-) ; Peter John Edwards (1948-) Année de publication : 2000 Importance : 647-659 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : 1. Seed mixtures of wildflowers are used increasingly in schemes to restore biodiversity in intensively managed farmland. Usually, the seed mixtures are produced by commercial suppliers and they may be distributed over large geographical distances. It is therefore important to ask what problems may arise from using seed that is not of local origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate one potential problem, namely the effects of genetic introgression of foreign provenances on the fitness of local weed populations. 2. The problem was investigated using the arable weed species Agrostemma githago, Papaver rhoeas and Silene alba, all of which are commonly included in commercial seed mixtures in Switzerland. Hybrids (F1 and F2 backcrosses) were made between local Swiss plants and plants of English, German and Hungarian provenance (plus F1 from one US source in Silene). In a field experiment the growth of the hybrid plants was compared with that of the parents. Above-ground dry matter after one growing season was taken as a measure of fitness. Additionally, survivorship and seed mass were determined for some of the hybrids. 3. The biomass data revealed negative outbreeding effects caused by epistasis in all four F2 backcrosses of Papaver and in the F2 of Agrostemma hybridized with plants of German provenance; no such effects were found in Silene. Survival was slightly lower in the F1 hybrids of Papaver, and considerably reduced in the F2 backcrosses. For Silene, a heterosis effect was evident in seed mass in the F1 generation, while seed mass decreased in the F2. The same trend, although less strong, was also observed in Agrostemma. 4. The results suggest that only plants of relatively local origin should be used in wildflower mixtures, although it is not possible to specify precisely over what distance seed can safely be transferred. The same recommendation is also valid for schemes to reinvigorate endangered plant populations. The relevance of the fitness components that were measured, and the long-term effects of genetic introgressions, are discussed. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00517.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131648 Keller, M, Kollmann, Johannes (1963-), Edwards, Peter John (1948-) 2000 Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations. Journal of applied ecology, 37 : 647-659.Documents numériques
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Article (2000)URLGenetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations / M Keller in Journal of applied ecology, 37 ([01/01/2000])
Titre : Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : M Keller ; Johannes Kollmann (1963-) ; Peter John Edwards (1948-) Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : 647-659 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : 1. Seed mixtures of wildflowers are used increasingly in schemes to restore biodiversity in intensively managed farmland. Usually, the seed mixtures are produced by commercial suppliers and they may be distributed over large geographical distances. It is therefore important to ask what problems may arise from using seed that is not of local origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate one potential problem, namely the effects of genetic introgression of foreign provenances on the fitness of local weed populations. 2. The problem was investigated using the arable weed species Agrostemma githago, Papaver rhoeas and Silene alba, all of which are commonly included in commercial seed mixtures in Switzerland. Hybrids (F1 and F2 backcrosses) were made between local Swiss plants and plants of English, German and Hungarian provenance (plus F1 from one US source in Silene). In a field experiment the growth of the hybrid plants was compared with that of the parents. Above-ground dry matter after one growing season was taken as a measure of fitness. Additionally, survivorship and seed mass were determined for some of the hybrids. 3. The biomass data revealed negative outbreeding effects caused by epistasis in all four F2 backcrosses of Papaver and in the F2 of Agrostemma hybridized with plants of German provenance; no such effects were found in Silene. Survival was slightly lower in the F1 hybrids of Papaver, and considerably reduced in the F2 backcrosses. For Silene, a heterosis effect was evident in seed mass in the F1 generation, while seed mass decreased in the F2. The same trend, although less strong, was also observed in Agrostemma. 4. The results suggest that only plants of relatively local origin should be used in wildflower mixtures, although it is not possible to specify precisely over what distance seed can safely be transferred. The same recommendation is also valid for schemes to reinvigorate endangered plant populations. The relevance of the fitness components that were measured, and the long-term effects of genetic introgressions, are discussed. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00517.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148918
in Journal of applied ecology > 37 [01/01/2000] . - 647-659Keller, M, Kollmann, Johannes (1963-), Edwards, Peter John (1948-) 2000 Genetic introgression from distant provenances reduces fitness in local weed populations. Journal of applied ecology, 37: 647-659.Documents numériques
Article (2000)URL
Titre : Genetic structure of fragmented plant populations : a comparison of two arctic-alpine species with contrasting breeding systems (a new project) Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : R. Bauert-Martin ; Matthias Baltisberger (1951-) ; Peter John Edwards (1948-) Année de publication : 1996 Article en page(s) : 83-88 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ranunculus sp. Saxifraga sp. Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=137843
in Bulletin of the Geobotanical Institute ETH > 62 (0) (1996) . - 83-88Bauert-Martin, R., Baltisberger, Matthias (1951-), Edwards, Peter John (1948-) 1996 Genetic structure of fragmented plant populations : a comparison of two arctic-alpine species with contrasting breeding systems (a new project). Bulletin of the Geobotanical Institute ETH, 62(0): 83-88.Exemplaires (1)
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Titre : Introduced plants of the invasive Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae) are larger and grow denser than conspecifics in the native… Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Gabi Jakobs ; Peter John Edwards (1948-) Année de publication : 2004 Article en page(s) : 11-19 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Mots-clés : Solidago gigantea Aiton, 1789 Résumé : Introduced plant species that became successful invaders appear often more vigorous and taller than their conspecifics in the native range. Reasons postulated to explain this better performance in the introduced range include more favourable environmental conditions and release from natural enemies and pathogens. According to the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis (EICA hypothesis) there is a trade-off between investment into defence against herbivores and pathogens, and investment into a stronger competitive ability. In this study, we conducted field surveys to investigate whether populations of the invasive perennial Solidago gigantea Ait (Asteraceae) differ with respect to growth and size in the native and introduced range, respectively. We assessed size and morphological variation of 46 populations in the native North American range and 45 populations in the introduced European range. Despite considerable variation between populations within continents, there were pronounced differences between continents. The average population size, density and total plant biomass were larger in European than in American populations. Climatic differences and latitude explained only a small proportion of the total variation between the two continents. The results show that introduced plants can be very distinct in their growth form and size from conspecifics in the native range. The apparently better performance of this invasive species in Europe may be the result of changed selection pressures, as implied by the EICA hypothesis. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2004.00052.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=143212
in Diversity and Distributions > 10 (2004) . - 11-19Jakobs, Gabi, Edwards, Peter John (1948-) 2004 Introduced plants of the invasive Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae) are larger and grow denser than conspecifics in the native…. Diversity and Distributions, 10: 11-19.Documents numériques
Article (2004)URLRestoration ecology and sustainable development / Krystyna M. Urbanska (1997)
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