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Effects of ski piste preparation on alpine vegetation / Sonja Wipf in Journal of applied ecology, 42 ([01/01/2005]) 

Public Citation [article]  inJournal of applied ecology > 42 [01/01/2005] . - 303-316 Titre : Effects of ski piste preparation on alpine vegetation Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Sonja Wipf ; Christian Rixen (1969-) ; Markus Fischer ; Bernhard Schmid ; Veronika Stoeckli Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : 303-316 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Etude d'aménagement, étude d'impact, actions anthropiques et leur impact [CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation Note de contenu : 1 Ski resorts increasingly affect alpine ecosystems through enlargement of ski pistes, machine-grading of ski piste areas and increasing use of artificial snow. 2 In 12 Swiss alpine ski resorts, we investigated the effects of ski piste management on vegetation structure and composition using a pairwise design of 38 plots on ski pistes and 38 adjacent plots off-piste. 3 Plots on ski pistes had lower species richness and productivity, and lower abundance and cover of woody plants and early flowering species, than reference plots. Plots on machine-graded pistes had higher indicator values for nutrients and light, and lower vegetation cover, productivity, species diversity and abundance of early flowering and woody plants. Time since machine-grading did not mitigate the impacts of machine-grading, even for those plots where revegetation had been attempted by sowing. 4 The longer artificial snow had been used on ski pistes (2–15 years), the higher the moisture and nutrient indicator values. Longer use also affected species composition by increasing the abundance of woody plants, snowbed species and late-flowering species, and decreasing wind-edge species. 5 Synthesis and applications. All types of ski piste management cause deviations from the natural structure and composition of alpine vegetation, and lead to lower plant species diversity. Machine-grading causes particularly severe and lasting impacts on alpine vegetation, which are mitigated neither by time nor by revegetation measures. The impacts of artificial snow increase with the period of time since it was first applied to ski piste vegetation. Extensive machine-grading and snow production should be avoided, especially in areas where nutrient and water input are a concern. Ski pistes should not be established in areas where the alpine vegetation has a high conservation value. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01011.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148162 Wipf, Sonja, Rixen, Christian (1969-), Fischer, Markus, Schmid, Bernhard, Stoeckli, Veronika 2005 Effects of ski piste preparation on alpine vegetation. Journal of applied ecology, 42: 303-316.

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A meta-analysis of local adaptation in plants / Roosa Leimu in PloS ONE, 3 (12) (2008) 

Public Citation [article]  inPloS ONE > 3 (12) (2008) . - e4010 Titre : A meta-analysis of local adaptation in plants Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Roosa Leimu ; Markus Fischer Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : e4010 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation Résumé : Local adaptation is of fundamental importance in evolutionary, population, conservation, and global-change biology. The generality of local adaptation in plants and whether and how it is influenced by specific species, population and habitat characteristics have, however, not been quantitatively reviewed. Therefore, we examined published data on the outcomes of reciprocal transplant experiments using two approaches. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the performance of local and foreign plants at all transplant sites. In addition, we analysed frequencies of pairs of plant origin to examine whether local plants perform better than foreign plants at both compared transplant sites. In both approaches, we also examined the effects of population size, and of the habitat and species characteristics that are predicted to affect local adaptation. We show that, overall, local plants performed significantly better than foreign plants at their site of origin: this was found to be the case in 71.0% of the studied sites. However, local plants performed better than foreign plants at both sites of a pair-wise comparison (strict definition of local adaption) only in 45.3% of the 1032 compared population pairs. Furthermore, we found local adaptation much more common for large plant populations (.1000 flowering individuals) than for small populations (,1000 flowering individuals) for which local adaptation was very rare. The degree of local adaptation was independent of plant life history, spatial or temporal habitat heterogeneity, and geographic scale. Our results suggest that local adaptation is less common in plant populations than generally assumed. Moreover, our findings reinforce the fundamental importance of population size for evolutionary theory. The clear role of population size for the ability to evolve local adaptation raises considerable doubt on the ability of small plant populations to cope with changing environments. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0004010 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148744 Leimu, Roosa, Fischer, Markus 2008 A meta-analysis of local adaptation in plants. PloS ONE, 3(12): e4010.

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A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species / Mark van Kleunen in Ecology Letters, 13 (2009)

Public Citation [article]  inEcology Letters > 13 (2009) . - 1-11 Titre : A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Mark van Kleunen (1973-) ; Ewald Weber (1960-) ; Markus Fischer Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : 1-11 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Résumé : A major aim in ecology is identifying determinants of invasiveness. We performed a meta-analysis of 117 field or experimental-garden studies that measured pair-wise trait differences of a total of 125 invasive and 196 non-invasive plant species in the invasive range of the invasive species. We tested whether invasiveness is associated with performance-related traits (physiology, leaf-area allocation, shoot allocation, growth rate, size and fitness), and whether such associations depend on type of study and on biogeographical or biological factors. Overall, invasive species had significantly higher values than non-invasive species for all six trait categories. More trait differences were significant for invasive vs. native comparisons than for invasive vs. non-invasive alien comparisons. Moreover, for comparisons between invasive species and native species that themselves are invasive elsewhere, no trait differences were significant. Differences in physiology and growth rate were larger in tropical regions than in temperate regions. Trait differences did not depend on whether the invasive alien species originates from Europe, nor did they depend on the test environment. We conclude that invasive alien species had higher values for those traits related to performance than non-invasive species. This suggests that it might become possible to predict future plant invasions from species traits. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01418.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142798 Kleunen, Mark van (1973-), Weber, Ewald (1960-), Fischer, Markus 2009 A meta-analysis of trait differences between invasive and non-invasive plant species. Ecology Letters, 13: 1-11.

Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services / Markus Fischer (2018) 

Public Citation Titre : Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Markus Fischer ; Mark Rounsevell ; Amor Torre-Martin Rando ; André Mader ; Andrew Church ; Marine Elbakidze ; Victoria Elias ; Thomas Hahn ; Paula A. Harrison ; Jennifer Hauk ; Berta Martín-López ; Irène Ring ; Camilla Sandstörm ; Isabel Sousa Pinto ; Piero Visconti ; Niklaus E. Zimmermann ; Mike Christie Editeur : IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Année de publication : 2018 Importance : 52 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-947851-03-4 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Biodiversité [CBNPMP-Thématique] Gestion de la biodiversité Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83338 Fischer, Markus, Rounsevell, Mark, Torre-Martin Rando, Amor, Mader, André, Church, Andrew, Elbakidze, Marine, Elias, Victoria, Hahn, Thomas, Harrison, Paula A., Hauk, Jennifer, Martín-López, Berta, Ring, Irène, Sandstörm, Camilla, Sousa Pinto, Isabel, Visconti, Piero, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Christie, Mike , 2018. Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, [S.l.]. 52 pp.

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