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Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a whole-farm approach / Rachel H. Gibson in Journal of applied ecology, 44 (2007) 

Public Citation [article]  inJournal of applied ecology > 44 (2007) . - 792-803 Titre : Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a whole-farm approach Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Rachel H. Gibson ; S. Pearce ; R. J. Morris ; William O. C. Symondson ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : 792-803 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Organic farming is thought to lead to increased biodiversity and greater sustainability than higher-yielding conventional farming systems. It is usually assumed that organic farms have both larger and higher quality areas of semi-natural habitats, although this assumption has not been unequivocally tested. Here we test the hypothesis that in comparison to conventional farms, organic farms have larger areas of semi-natural and boundary vegetation, and organic farms support higher levels of plant abundance, richness and diversity within cropped and semi-natural areas. Our study compared whole-farms: 10 organic farms were paired with 10 conventional farms in a complex landscape in the south-west of England. On average, organic farms were 7·3 years post conversion. Plant abundance, species richness and diversity were measured in all crop and non-crop landscape elements on each farm. Organic farms had greater total areas of semi-natural habitat (woodland, field margins and hedgerows combined). Woodland area on it's own was also significantly greater. Organic farms had more continuous blocks of woodland (with simpler perimeters than similarly sized patches on conventional farms), whereas woodland on conventional farms often consisted of more linear patches. Semi-natural habitats on organic farms did not have higher plant abundance, richness or diversity than their conventional counterparts. The only landscape element that showed a significant increase in plant abundance, richness or diversity was arable fields. Synthesis and applications. Even within a complex agricultural landscape differences do exist between organic and conventional farms, these differences being larger areas of semi-natural habitats on organic farms. However, with the exception of arable fields, no habitats on organic farms were yet of a better quality than their conventional counterparts in terms of plant abundance and diversity. Conventional farmers may be able to achieve an increase in plant diversity within arable fields by adopting some organic management practices at the field scale (e.g. exclusion of synthetic herbicides), and whole-farm conversion to organic practice might not be required. However, further work is needed to determine any biodiversity benefits of larger areas of semi-natural habitat on conventional farmland. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01292.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148953 Gibson, Rachel H., Pearce, S., Morris, R. J., Symondson, William O. C., Memmott, Jane 2007 Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a whole-farm approach. Journal of applied ecology, 44: 792-803.

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Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study / Rachel H. Gibson (2006)

Public Citation est un tiré à part de 43 - 2006 (Journal of applied ecology) Titre : Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study Type de document : Tiré à part de revue Auteurs : Rachel H. Gibson ; I. L. Nelson ; Graham W. Hopkins ; B. J. Hamlett ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2006 Importance : 246-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Mots-clés : Galeopsis angustifolia  Silene gallica  Torilis arvensis Résumé : 1. Little is known about the pollinators of rare plants, which is cause for concern given that pollination is essential for the long-term survival of most plant species. The aim of this study was to determine the probable pollinators of three species of rare arable weed: red hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia, small-flowered catchfly Silene gallica and spreading hedge-parsley Torilis arvensis . Species of arable weed are among those suffering the greatest declines in the UK. 2. Five field sites were chosen, two of which were sampled in 2 years. Visitation and pollen transport webs were constructed for the entire plant–pollinator community at each site. Visitation webs described the frequency with which each insect species visited each plant species. Pollen transport webs quantified which insect species transported the pollen of which plant species. 3. A wide range of insect species visited the three plant species. A pollinator importance index was calculated that combined information on both the relative abundance of each insect carrying the pollen of the rare plant and its pollen fidelity. Using this method Galeopsis angustifolia was most likely to be pollinated by Bombus pascuorum at one site and Sphaerophoria scripta at another. Silene gallica was also likely be pollinated by Sphaerophoria scripta. 4. The pollinator fauna of the three plant species varied considerably across their geographical range, but less from one year to the next. 5. Synthesis and applications. All three species of rare plant were linked to other plant species in the community by shared pollinators. In many cases these other plant species constituted the primary food sources for the shared pollinators. Therefore, the longterm survival of rare plant populations is likely to depend on the more common plant species in the community. We recommend that management of the rare plants studied here should also include the protection and management of populations of some of the more common plant species in their respective communities. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01130.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=134093 Gibson, Rachel H., Nelson, I. L., Hopkins, Graham W., Hamlett, B. J., Memmott, Jane 2006 Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study. Journal of applied ecology, 43 : 246-257.

Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study / Rachel H. Gibson in Journal of applied ecology, 43 (2006) 

Public Citation [article]  inJournal of applied ecology > 43 (2006) . - 246-257 Titre : Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Rachel H. Gibson ; I. L. Nelson ; Graham W. Hopkins ; B. J. Hamlett ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : 246-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Mots-clés : Galeopsis angustifolia  Silene gallica  Torilis arvensis Résumé : 1. Little is known about the pollinators of rare plants, which is cause for concern given that pollination is essential for the long-term survival of most plant species. The aim of this study was to determine the probable pollinators of three species of rare arable weed: red hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia, small-flowered catchfly Silene gallica and spreading hedge-parsley Torilis arvensis . Species of arable weed are among those suffering the greatest declines in the UK. 2. Five field sites were chosen, two of which were sampled in 2 years. Visitation and pollen transport webs were constructed for the entire plant–pollinator community at each site. Visitation webs described the frequency with which each insect species visited each plant species. Pollen transport webs quantified which insect species transported the pollen of which plant species. 3. A wide range of insect species visited the three plant species. A pollinator importance index was calculated that combined information on both the relative abundance of each insect carrying the pollen of the rare plant and its pollen fidelity. Using this method Galeopsis angustifolia was most likely to be pollinated by Bombus pascuorum at one site and Sphaerophoria scripta at another. Silene gallica was also likely be pollinated by Sphaerophoria scripta. 4. The pollinator fauna of the three plant species varied considerably across their geographical range, but less from one year to the next. 5. Synthesis and applications. All three species of rare plant were linked to other plant species in the community by shared pollinators. In many cases these other plant species constituted the primary food sources for the shared pollinators. Therefore, the longterm survival of rare plant populations is likely to depend on the more common plant species in the community. We recommend that management of the rare plants studied here should also include the protection and management of populations of some of the more common plant species in their respective communities. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01130.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148922 Gibson, Rachel H., Nelson, I. L., Hopkins, Graham W., Hamlett, B. J., Memmott, Jane 2006 Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study. Journal of applied ecology, 43: 246-257.

Documents numériques

Consultable Article (2006) URL