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Auteur Jane Memmott |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (5)
Affiner la recherchePlant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a whole-farm approach / Rachel H. Gibson in Journal of applied ecology, 44 (2007)
Titre : Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a whole-farm approach Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Rachel H. Gibson ; S. Pearce ; R. J. Morris ; William O. C. Symondson ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : 792-803 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Organic farming is thought to lead to increased biodiversity and greater sustainability than higher-yielding conventional farming systems. It is usually assumed that organic farms have both larger and higher quality areas of semi-natural habitats, although this assumption has not been unequivocally tested. Here we test the hypothesis that in comparison to conventional farms, organic farms have larger areas of semi-natural and boundary vegetation, and organic farms support higher levels of plant abundance, richness and diversity within cropped and semi-natural areas. Our study compared whole-farms: 10 organic farms were paired with 10 conventional farms in a complex landscape in the south-west of England. On average, organic farms were 7·3 years post conversion. Plant abundance, species richness and diversity were measured in all crop and non-crop landscape elements on each farm. Organic farms had greater total areas of semi-natural habitat (woodland, field margins and hedgerows combined). Woodland area on it's own was also significantly greater. Organic farms had more continuous blocks of woodland (with simpler perimeters than similarly sized patches on conventional farms), whereas woodland on conventional farms often consisted of more linear patches. Semi-natural habitats on organic farms did not have higher plant abundance, richness or diversity than their conventional counterparts. The only landscape element that showed a significant increase in plant abundance, richness or diversity was arable fields. Synthesis and applications. Even within a complex agricultural landscape differences do exist between organic and conventional farms, these differences being larger areas of semi-natural habitats on organic farms. However, with the exception of arable fields, no habitats on organic farms were yet of a better quality than their conventional counterparts in terms of plant abundance and diversity. Conventional farmers may be able to achieve an increase in plant diversity within arable fields by adopting some organic management practices at the field scale (e.g. exclusion of synthetic herbicides), and whole-farm conversion to organic practice might not be required. However, further work is needed to determine any biodiversity benefits of larger areas of semi-natural habitat on conventional farmland.
Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01292.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148953
in Journal of applied ecology > 44 (2007) . - 792-803Gibson, Rachel H., Pearce, S., Morris, R. J., Symondson, William O. C., Memmott, Jane 2007 Plant diversity and land use under organic and conventional agriculture: a whole-farm approach. Journal of applied ecology, 44: 792-803.Documents numériques
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Article (2007)URLPollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study / Rachel H. Gibson (2006)
Titre : Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study Type de document : Tiré à part de revue Auteurs : Rachel H. Gibson ; I. L. Nelson ; Graham W. Hopkins ; B. J. Hamlett ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2006 Importance : 246-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Mots-clés : Galeopsis angustifolia Silene gallica Torilis arvensis Résumé : 1. Little is known about the pollinators of rare plants, which is cause for concern given that pollination is essential for the long-term survival of most plant species. The aim of this study was to determine the probable pollinators of three species of rare arable weed: red hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia, small-flowered catchfly Silene gallica and spreading hedge-parsley Torilis arvensis . Species of arable weed are among those suffering the greatest declines in the UK. 2. Five field sites were chosen, two of which were sampled in 2 years. Visitation and pollen transport webs were constructed for the entire plant–pollinator community at each site. Visitation webs described the frequency with which each insect species visited each plant species. Pollen transport webs quantified which insect species transported the pollen of which plant species. 3. A wide range of insect species visited the three plant species. A pollinator importance index was calculated that combined information on both the relative abundance of each insect carrying the pollen of the rare plant and its pollen fidelity. Using this method Galeopsis angustifolia was most likely to be pollinated by Bombus pascuorum at one site and Sphaerophoria scripta at another. Silene gallica was also likely be pollinated by Sphaerophoria scripta. 4. The pollinator fauna of the three plant species varied considerably across their geographical range, but less from one year to the next. 5. Synthesis and applications. All three species of rare plant were linked to other plant species in the community by shared pollinators. In many cases these other plant species constituted the primary food sources for the shared pollinators. Therefore, the longterm survival of rare plant populations is likely to depend on the more common plant species in the community. We recommend that management of the rare plants studied here should also include the protection and management of populations of some of the more common plant species in their respective communities. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01130.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=134093 Gibson, Rachel H., Nelson, I. L., Hopkins, Graham W., Hamlett, B. J., Memmott, Jane 2006 Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study. Journal of applied ecology, 43 : 246-257.
Titre : Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Rachel H. Gibson ; I. L. Nelson ; Graham W. Hopkins ; B. J. Hamlett ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2006 Article en page(s) : 246-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Mots-clés : Galeopsis angustifolia Silene gallica Torilis arvensis Résumé : 1. Little is known about the pollinators of rare plants, which is cause for concern given that pollination is essential for the long-term survival of most plant species. The aim of this study was to determine the probable pollinators of three species of rare arable weed: red hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia, small-flowered catchfly Silene gallica and spreading hedge-parsley Torilis arvensis . Species of arable weed are among those suffering the greatest declines in the UK. 2. Five field sites were chosen, two of which were sampled in 2 years. Visitation and pollen transport webs were constructed for the entire plant–pollinator community at each site. Visitation webs described the frequency with which each insect species visited each plant species. Pollen transport webs quantified which insect species transported the pollen of which plant species. 3. A wide range of insect species visited the three plant species. A pollinator importance index was calculated that combined information on both the relative abundance of each insect carrying the pollen of the rare plant and its pollen fidelity. Using this method Galeopsis angustifolia was most likely to be pollinated by Bombus pascuorum at one site and Sphaerophoria scripta at another. Silene gallica was also likely be pollinated by Sphaerophoria scripta. 4. The pollinator fauna of the three plant species varied considerably across their geographical range, but less from one year to the next. 5. Synthesis and applications. All three species of rare plant were linked to other plant species in the community by shared pollinators. In many cases these other plant species constituted the primary food sources for the shared pollinators. Therefore, the longterm survival of rare plant populations is likely to depend on the more common plant species in the community. We recommend that management of the rare plants studied here should also include the protection and management of populations of some of the more common plant species in their respective communities. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01130.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148922
in Journal of applied ecology > 43 (2006) . - 246-257Gibson, Rachel H., Nelson, I. L., Hopkins, Graham W., Hamlett, B. J., Memmott, Jane 2006 Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants : arable weeds as a case study. Journal of applied ecology, 43: 246-257.Documents numériques
Article (2006)URL
Titre : The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network : an experimental approach Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Martha E. Lopezaraiza-Mikel ; Richard B. Hayes ; Martin R. Whalley ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : 539-550 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=143087
in Ecology Letters > 10 (7) (2007) . - 539-550Lopezaraiza-Mikel, Martha E., Hayes, Richard B., Whalley, Martin R., Memmott, Jane 2007 The impact of an alien plant on a native plant-pollinator network : an experimental approach. Ecology Letters, 10(7): 539-550.Exemplaires (1)
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Titre : The impact of the invasive alien plant, Impatiens glandulifera, on pollen transfer networks Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Carine Emer ; Ian P. Vaughan ; Simon Hiscock ; Jane Memmott Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : 1-16 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Mots-clés : Impatiens glandulifera Résumé : Biological invasions are a threat to the maintenance of ecological processes, including pollination. Plant-flower visitor networks are traditionally used as a surrogated for pollination at the community level, despite they do not represent the pollination process, which takes place at the stigma of plants where pollen grains are deposited. Here we investigated whether the invasion of the alien plant Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae) affects pollen transfer at the community level. We asked whether more alien pollen is deposited on the stigmas of plants on invaded sites, whether deposition is affected by stigma type (dry, semidry and wet) and whether the invasion of I. glandulifera changes the structure of the resulting pollen transfer networks. We sampled stigmas of plants on 10 sites invaded by I. glandulifera (hereafter, balsam) and 10 non-invaded control sites. All 20 networks had interactions with balsam pollen, although significantly more balsam pollen was found on plants with dry stigmas in invaded areas. Balsam pollen deposition was restricted to a small subset of plant species, which is surprising because pollinators are known to carry high loads of balsam pollen. Balsam invasion did not affect the loading of native pollen, nor did it affect pollen transfer network properties; networks were modular and poorly nested, both of which are likely to be related to the specificity of pollen transfer interactions. Our results indicate that pollination networks become more specialized when moving from the flower visitation to the level of pollen transfer networks. Therefore, caution is needed when inferring pollination from patterns of insect visitation or insect pollen loads as the relationship between these and pollen deposition is not straightforward. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0143532 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153196
in PloS ONE > 10 (12) (2015) . - 1-16Emer, Carine, Vaughan, Ian P., Hiscock, Simon, Memmott, Jane 2015 The impact of the invasive alien plant, Impatiens glandulifera, on pollen transfer networks. PloS ONE, 10(12): 1-16.Documents numériques
Article (2015)URL
