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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierPost-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain / Robert A. Robinson in Journal of applied ecology, 39 (2002)
Titre : Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Robert A. Robinson ; Willliam J. Sutherland (1956-) Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : 157-176 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Note de contenu : 1. Agriculture represents the dominant land use throughout much of western Europe and a significant part of European biodiversity is associated with this habitat. We attempted to quantify the changes in agriculture and biodiversity in Britain since the 1940s. 2. There have been widespread declines in the populations of many groups of organisms associated with farmland in Britain and north-west Europe. The declines have been particularly marked amongst habitat specialists; many of the taxa still common on farmland are habitat generalists. 3. Farming practices have become increasingly intensive in the post-war period, with a dramatic reduction in landscape diversity. Since 1945, there has been a 65% decline in the number of farms, a 77% decline in farm labour and an almost fourfold increase in yield. Farms have become more specialized; the greatly increased use of machinery has made operations quicker and more efficient, but has resulted in the removal of 50% of the hedgerow stock. Autumn sowing of crops has become predominant, with winter stubbles now far less prevalent. The number and extent of chemical applications has increased greatly, but the net amount applied, and their persistence, has decreased in recent years. 4. Intensification has had a wide range of impacts on biodiversity, but data for many taxa are too scarce to permit a detailed assessment of the factors involved. Reduction in habitat diversity was important in the 1950s and 1960s; reduction in habitat quality is probably more important now. 5. As a case study, the declines in populations of seed-eating birds populations were assessed in relation to changing agricultural management. Generally, the declines were likely to be caused by a reduced food supply in the non-breeding season, although other factors may be important for particular species. 6. Agriculture will face a number of challenges in the medium term. While research into the mechanisms underlying species and habitat associations, and their interaction with scale, will be critical in under-pinning management, consideration of farmer attitudes and socio-economic factors is likely to be as important. Biodiversity may benefit from integrated farming echniques but these need to incorporate environmental objectives explicitly, rather than as a fringe benefit. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141220
in Journal of applied ecology > 39 (2002) . - 157-176Robinson, Robert A., Sutherland, Willliam J. (1956-) 2002 Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain. Journal of applied ecology, 39: 157-176.Documents numériques
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Titre : Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Timothy-Guy Benton ; David M. Bryant ; Lorna J. Cole ; Humphrey Q. P. Crick Année de publication : 2002 Article en page(s) : 673-687 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : There is continuing debate about the impact of agricultural practices on farmland wildlife. In particular, it has been postulated that a general decline in insect abundance linked with intensification of agriculture may have contributed to farmland bird decline. While some autecological studies have supported this hypothesis, larger-scale and long-term studies are needed. Suction traps mounted on 12·2-m towers (Rothamsted-type) have been sampling aerial insects for nearly 40 years throughout the UK. Their catches are correlated over large spatial scales. We analysed insect catch data from a single suction trap run for 27 years in a rural location in Scotland, and showed that insect numbers have changed significantly over time, although non-linearly. The multivariate data set (numbers from the 12 common arthropod groups) was summarized using principal components analysis (PCA) to extract three components explaining 62% of the variation. We also used PCA to describe agricultural change, using published agricultural data for eight measures of farming in Scotland. Arthropod abundance and principal component (PC) scores were significantly related to the agricultural PC scores as well to summary climatic measures. Using Scottish data from the British Trust for Ornithology Common Birds Census, we extracted three PC to describe the time-dependent average densities of 15 common farmland birds in Scotland. Measures of bird density were significantly related to insect abundance and PC scores and, independently, to measures of agriculture and climate. These data from a broad suite of species provide support for linked temporal change between farmland birds, invertebrate numbers and agricultural practice in Scotland. Although entirely correlative, the results are consistent with the view that agricultural change has influenced birds through changes in food quality or quantity. The work also shows how large-scale invertebrate sampling, in this case using suction traps, is useful for monitoring farmland biodiversity.
Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00745.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141306
in Journal of applied ecology > 39 (2002) . - 673-687Benton, Timothy-Guy, Bryant, David M., Cole, Lorna J., Crick, Humphrey Q. P. 2002 Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades. Journal of applied ecology, 39: 673-687.Documents numériques
Article (2002)URL
