Détail de l'auteur
Auteur Jan Wild |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (4)
Affiner la rechercheDisentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe / Petr Pyšek in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107 (27) (2010)
Titre : Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Petr Pyšek ; Vojtěch Jarošík (1958-2013) ; Philip Eric Hulme ; Ingolf Kühn ; Jan Wild ; Margarita Arianoutsou ; Sven Bacher ; François Chiron ; Viktoras Didžiulis ; Franz Essl (1973-) ; Piero Genovesi (1960-) ; Francesca Gherardi ; Martin Hejda ; Salit Kark ; Philip W. Lambdon ; Marie-Laure Deprez-Loustau ; Wolfgang Nentwig (1953-) ; Jan Pergl (1977-) ; Katja Poboljšaj ; Wolfgang Rabitsch (1968-) ; Alain Roques (1951-) ; David Roy ; Susan Shirley ; Wojciech Solarz ; Montserrat Vilà ; Marten Winter Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 12157–12162 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Résumé : The accelerating rates of international trade, travel, and transport in the latter half of the twentieth century have led to the progressive mixing of biota from across the world and the number of species introduced to new regions continues to increase. The importance of biogeographic, climatic, economic, and demographic factors as drivers of this trend is increasingly being realized but as yet there is no consensus regarding their relative importance. Whereas little may be done to mitigate the effects of geography and climate on invasions, a wider range of options may exist to moderate the impacts of economic and demographic drivers. Here we use the most recent data available from Europe to partition between macroecological, economic, and demographic variables the variation in alien species richness of bryophytes, fungi, vascular plants, terrestrial insects, aquatic invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Only national wealth and human population density were statistically significant predictors in the majority of models when analyzed jointly with climate, geography, and land cover. The economic and demographic variables reflect the intensity of human activities and integrate the effect of factors that directly determine the outcome of invasion such as propagule pressure, pathways of introduction, eutrophication, and the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance. The strong influence of economic and demographic variables on the levels of invasion by alien species demonstrates that future solutions to the problem of biological invasions at a national scale lie in mitigating the negative environmental consequences of human activities that generate wealth and by promoting more sustainable population growth. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1002314107 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=141894
in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America > 107 (27) (2010) . - 12157–12162Pyšek, Petr, Jarošík, Vojtěch (1958-2013), Hulme, Philip Eric, Kühn, Ingolf, Wild, Jan, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bacher, Sven, Chiron, François, Didžiulis, Viktoras, Essl, Franz (1973-), Genovesi, Piero (1960-), Gherardi, Francesca, Hejda, Martin, Kark, Salit, Lambdon, Philip W., Deprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, Nentwig, Wolfgang (1953-), Pergl, Jan (1977-), Poboljšaj, Katja, Rabitsch, Wolfgang (1968-), Roques, Alain (1951-), Roy, David, Shirley, Susan, Solarz, Wojciech, Vilà, Montserrat, Winter, Marten 2010 Disentangling the role of environmental and human pressures on biological invasions across Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(27): 12157–12162.Documents numériques
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Article (2010)URL
Titre : European map of alien plant invasions based on the quantitative assessment across habitats Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Milan Chytrý (1967-) ; Petr Pyšek ; Jan Wild ; Joan Pino ; Lindsay Maskell ; Montserrat Vilà Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : 98–107 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Résumé : Aim Recent studies using vegetation plots have demonstrated that habitat type is a good predictor of the level of plant invasion, expressed as the proportion of alien to all species. At local scale, habitat types explain the level of invasion much better than alien propagule pressure. Moreover, it has been shown that patterns of habitat invasion are consistent among European regions with contrasting climates, biogeography, history and socioeconomic background. Here we use these findings as a basis for mapping the level of plant invasion in Europe.
Location European Union and some adjacent countries.
Methods We used 52,480 vegetation plots from Catalonia (NE Spain), Czech Republic and Great Britain to quantify the levels of invasion by neophytes (alien plant species introduced after ad 1500) in 33 habitat types. Then we estimated the proportion of each of these habitat types in CORINE land-cover classes and calculated the level of invasion for each class. We projected the levels of invasion on the CORINE land-cover map of Europe, extrapolating Catalonian data to the Mediterranean bioregion, Czech data to the Continental bioregion, British data to the British Isles and combined Czech–British data to the Atlantic and Boreal bioregions.
Results The highest levels of invasion were predicted for agricultural, urban and industrial land-cover classes, low levels for natural and semi-natural grasslands and most woodlands, and the lowest levels for sclerophyllous vegetation, heathlands and peatlands. The resulting map of the level of invasion reflected the distribution of these land-cover classes across Europe.
Main conclusions High level of invasion is predicted in lowland areas of the temperate zone of western and central Europe and low level in the boreal zone and mountain regions across the continent. Low level of invasion is also predicted in the Mediterranean region except its coastline, river corridors and areas with irrigated agricultural land.Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00515.x Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142745
in Diversity and Distributions > 15 (2009) . - 98–107Chytrý, Milan (1967-), Pyšek, Petr, Wild, Jan, Pino, Joan, Maskell, Lindsay, Vilà, Montserrat 2009 European map of alien plant invasions based on the quantitative assessment across habitats. Diversity and Distributions, 15: 98–107.Documents numériques
Article (2009)URL
Titre : Maps of the level of invasion of the Czech Republic by alien plants Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Milan Chytrý (1967-) ; Jan Wild ; Petr Pyšek ; Lubomír Tichý ; Jiří Danihelka (1968-) ; Ilona Knollova Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : 187-207 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
[CBNPMP-Géographique] République TchèqueMots-clés : Picea abies (L.) Karsten Pinus sylvestris L. Résumé : A series of maps showing the level of invasion of the Czech Republic by alien plants was developed based on a quantitative assessment of the level of invasion of 35 terrestrial habitat types at different altitudes. The levels of invasion were quantified for 18,798 vegetation plots, using two measures: proportion of the species that are aliens and total cover of alien species. Separate assessments were made for archaeophytes and neophytes. Within each habitat, the level of invasion was related to altitude using generalized linear models. The level of invasion, depending on the measure used, decreased with altitude in 16 out of 20 habitats for archaeophytes and 18 out of 23 for neophytes. In two habitats, one measure of the level of invasion increased with altitude for archaeophytes. The values of the level of invasion predicted by generalized linear models for particular combinations of habitats and altitudes were projected onto a land-cover map and digital elevation map of the country. Four maps showing the level of invasion were produced, based on the proportion of the species that are archaeophytes or neophytes, and cover of archaeophytes and neophytes. The maps show that both archaeophytes and neophytes are most common in lowland agricultural and urban areas, whereas they are sparsely represented in mountainous areas. At middle altitudes, agricultural areas are more invaded than forested areas. Outside agricultural and urban areas, high levels of invasion are found especially in lowland sandy areas and river corridors. Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142446
in Preslia > 81 (2009) . - 187-207Chytrý, Milan (1967-), Wild, Jan, Pyšek, Petr, Tichý, Lubomír, Danihelka, Jiří (1968-), Knollova, Ilona 2009 Maps of the level of invasion of the Czech Republic by alien plants. Preslia, 81: 187-207.Documents numériques
Article (2009)URLPlant invasions of protected areas in Europe : an old continent facing new problems / Petr Pyšek (2009)
Titre : Plant invasions of protected areas in Europe : an old continent facing new problems Type de document : Extrait d'ouvrage Auteurs : Petr Pyšek ; Piero Genovesi (1960-) ; Jan Pergl (1977-) ; Andrea Monaco ; Jan Wild Année de publication : 2009 Importance : 209-240 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Mots-clés : Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, 1916 Fallopia Adanson, 1763 Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier, 1895 Impatiens glandulifera Royle, 1833 Robinia pseudoacacia L., 1753 Résumé : Europe has a particularly long history of land protection measures, and is the region of the world with the largest number of protected areas, which has grown rapidly over the last decades. This was to a large extent due to the Natura 2000 programme of the European Union which focused on extending the existing network of legally protected areas with other habitats of conservation value. As a result, Europe has over 120,000 nationally designated protected sites (the most in the world) and 21 % of the continent area (1,228,576 km2) currently enjoys some form of legal protection. Despite these impressive statistics, the effectiveness of the existing network in protecting biodiversity is constrained by habitat fragmentation and other factors. Despite the generally high awareness of the importance of biodiversity protection in Europe, invasive alien species are not perceived as the most pressing problem by the public. This is in contrast with the fact that many of them have serious impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in protected areas. Among these, Ailanthus altissima, Fallopia taxa, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera and Robinia pseudoacacia are considered as top invaders by managers of protected areas. Surprisingly, continent-wide rigorous data on the distribution and abundance of invasive alien species are lacking and there is an urgent need for collating checklists of alien species using standardised criteria to record their status. With the exception of very few regions such information is missing, or incomplete, based on varying criteria and scattered in grey literature and unpublished reports. To put the management on a more scientific basis the collection and curation of better data is an urgent priority; this could be done by using existing instruments of the EU as a convenient platform. As found by means of a web survey reported here, managers of protected areas in Europe are well aware of the seriousness of the problem and threats imposed by invasive plant species but are constrained in their efforts by the lack of resources, both staff and financial, and that of rigorous scientific information translated into practical guidelines Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7_11 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85808 Pyšek, Petr, Genovesi, Piero (1960-), Pergl, Jan (1977-), Monaco, Andrea, Wild, Jan 2009 Plant invasions of protected areas in Europe : an old continent facing new problems. In: Handbook of alien species in Europe. Springer, [S.l.]: 209-240.
