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Auteur Walter Durka |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (7)
Affiner la rechercheAre local plants the best for ecosystem restoration? It depends on how you analyze the data / Anna Bucharova in Ecology and evolution, 7 (24) (2017)
Titre : Are local plants the best for ecosystem restoration? It depends on how you analyze the data Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Anna Bucharova ; Walter Durka ; Norbert Hölzel (1963-) ; Johannes Kollmann (1963-) ; Stefan Michalski ; Oliver Bossdorf Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : 7 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation Résumé : One of the key questions in ecosystem restoration is the choice of the seed materialfor restoring plant communities. The most common strategy is to use local seedsources, based on the argument that many plants are locally adapted and thus localseed sources should provide the best restoration success. However, the evidence forlocal adaptation is inconsistent, and some of these inconsistencies may be due to dif-ferent experimental approaches that have been used to test for local adaptation. Weillustrate how conclusions about local adaptation depend on the experimental designand in particular on the method of data analysis. We used data from a multispeciesreciprocal transplant experiment and analyzed them in three different ways: (1) com-paring local vs. foreign plants within species and sites, corresponding to tests of the“local is best” paradigm in ecological restoration, (2) comparing sympatric vs. allopatricpopulations across sites but within species, and (3) comparing sympatric and allopatricpopulations across multiple species. These approaches reflect different experimentaldesigns: While a local vs. foreign comparison can be done even in small experimentswith a single species and site, the other two approaches require a reciprocal transplantexperiment with one or multiple species, respectively. The three different analyses ledto contrasting results. While the local/foreign approach indicated lack of local adapta-tion or even maladaptation, the more general sympatric/allopatric approach rathersuggested local adaptation, and the most general cross-species sympatric/allopatrictest provided significant evidence for local adaptation. The analyses demonstrate howthe design of experiments and methods of data analysis impact conclusions on thepresence or absence of local adaptation. While small-scale, single-species experimentsmay be useful for identifying the appropriate seed material for a specific restorationproject, general patterns can only be detected in reciprocal transplant experimentswith multiple species and sites. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1002/ece3.3585 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155158
in Ecology and evolution > 7 (24) (2017) . - 7 p.Bucharova, Anna, Durka, Walter, Hölzel, Norbert (1963-), Kollmann, Johannes (1963-), Michalski, Stefan, Bossdorf, Oliver 2017 Are local plants the best for ecosystem restoration? It depends on how you analyze the data. Ecology and evolution, 7(24): 7 p..Documents numériques
Consultable
Article (2017)URLBIOLFLOR / Stefan Klotz (2002)
Titre : BIOLFLOR : eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Stefan Klotz ; Ingolf Kühn ; Walter Durka Editeur : Bonn : Bundesamt für Naturschutz Année de publication : 2002 Collection : Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde num. 38 Importance : 334 p. Accompagnement : 1 CD-ROM ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7843-3508-7 Langues : Allemand (ger) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Géographique] Allemagne
[CBNPMP-Thématique] Base de données
[CBNPMP-Thématique] HabitatsPermalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149895 Klotz, Stefan, Kühn, Ingolf, Durka, Walter , 2002. BIOLFLOR : eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn. 334 pp. + 1 CD-ROMExemplaires (1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 28466 8040 KLO Livre Bureaux Natura 2000 Consultable
Titre : Evolution during seed production for ecological restoration ? : A molecular analysis of 19 species finds only minor genomic changes Type de document : Numérique Auteurs : Malte Conrady ; Christian Lampei ; Oliver Bossdorf ; Walter Durka ; Anna Bucharova Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : 1-11 Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Graines
[CBNPMP-Thématique] Restauration des écosystèmes
[CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation
[CBNPMP-Thématique] Diversité génétiqueRésumé : A growing number of restoration projects require large amounts of seeds. As harvesting natural populations cannot cover the demand, wild plants are often propagated in large-scale monocultures. There are concerns that this cultivation process may cause genetic drift and unintended selection, altering the genetic properties of the cultivated populations and reducing their genetic diversity. Such changes could reduce the pre-existing adaptation of restored populations and limit their adaptability to environmental change. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and a pool-sequencing approach to test for genetic differentiation and changes in gene diversity during cultivation in 19 wild grassland species, comparing source populations and up to four consecutive cultivation generations. We linked the magnitudes of genetic changes to the species' breeding systems and seed dormancy to understand the roles of these traits in genetic change. Cultivation changed the genetic composition across cultivated generations only moderately. The genetic differentiation resulting from cultivation was much lower than the natural genetic differentiation between different source regions. The propagated generations harboured even higher gene diversity than wild-collected seeds. Genetic change was stronger in self-compatible than self-incompatible species, probably due to increased outcrossing in monocultures. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that large-scale seed production maintains the genetic integrity of natural populations. Increased genetic diversity may even indicate increased adaptive potential of propagated seeds, which would make them especially suitable for ecological restoration. Yet, it remains to be tested whether these molecular patterns will be mirrored also by plant phenotypes. Further, we used seeds from Germany and Austria, where the seed production is regulated and certified, and we do not know yet whether other seed production systems perform equally well.
Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/1365-2664.14155 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148373
in Journal of applied ecology > 59 (5) (May 2022) . - 1-11Conrady, Malte, Lampei, Christian, Bossdorf, Oliver, Durka, Walter, Bucharova, Anna 2022 Evolution during seed production for ecological restoration ? : A molecular analysis of 19 species finds only minor genomic changes. Journal of applied ecology, 59(5): 1-11.Documents numériques
Article (2022)URL
Titre : Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration Type de document : Numérique Auteurs : Walter Durka ; Stefan Michalski ; Kenneth W. Berendzen ; Oliver Bossdorf ; Anna Bucharova ; Julia-Maria Hermann ; Norbert Hölzel (1963-) ; Johannes Kollmann (1963-) Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : 116-126 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Restauration des écosystèmes
[CBNPMP-Thématique] RevégétalisationRésumé : Ecological restoration of grasslands is increasingly based on regional seeds derived from predefined seed transfer zones. However, the degree and spatial pattern of genetic differentiation among provenances of different seed transfer zones is largely unknown.
We assessed the genetic differentiation among eight out of 22 German seed transfer zones for seven common grassland species (Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaurea jacea, Daucus carota, Galium album, Hypochaeris radicata, Knautia arvensis and Lychnis flos-cuculi) using AFLP markers. We analysed genetic population structure with AMOVA and Bayesian cluster analysis and tested for isolation by distance and isolation by environment.
In all of the investigated species, almost all pairs of provenances were genetically differentiated. Bayesian cluster analysis revealed species-specific numbers and spatial patterns of gene pools, with between two (Arrhenatherum) and eight clusters (Lychnis). Most investigated seed transfer zones represented a unique gene pool in the majority of the species.
We found isolation by distance in four species, isolation by environment, driven by climatic seasonality, in three species, and a lack of both in three species. Thus, the observed genetic differentiation appears to be caused by both neutral and adaptive processes.
Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that grassland plants are indeed strongly genetically differentiated across Germany supporting the strategy of seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. Although the predefined seed transfer zones are unlikely to match the exact genetic structure of many species, they serve their purpose by capturing a substantial amount of intraspecific genetic variation across species.Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/1365-2664.12636 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155159
in Journal of applied ecology > 54 (1) (2017) . - 116-126Durka, Walter, Michalski, Stefan, Berendzen, Kenneth W., Bossdorf, Oliver, Bucharova, Anna, Hermann, Julia-Maria, Hölzel, Norbert (1963-), Kollmann, Johannes (1963-) 2017 Genetic differentiation within multiple common grassland plants supports seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. Journal of applied ecology, 54(1): 116-126.Mix and match: regional admixture provenancing strikes a balance among different seed-sourcing strategies for ecological restoration / Anna Bucharova (2018)
Titre : Mix and match: regional admixture provenancing strikes a balance among different seed-sourcing strategies for ecological restoration Type de document : Numérique Auteurs : Anna Bucharova ; Oliver Bossdorf ; Norbert Hölzel (1963-) ; Johannes Kollmann (1963-) ; Rüdiger Prasse ; Walter Durka Année de publication : 2018 Importance : 7-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation Résumé : One of the main questions in ecosystem restoration is where to obtain the seeds to re-establish plant communities. While the most commonly advocated approach is to use seeds from local sources, some experts argue against this because local populations may harbour little genetic variability for the restored populations to be able to adapt to and survive global change. Instead, they propose alternative strategies such as mixing seeds from various sources to increase genetic variability and adaptive potential, or using seeds from populations that have a similar climate as predicted for the target locality in the future. All these alternative seed-sourcing strategies have in common that they involve a transplanting of plant ecotypes, sometimes over large spatial scales. This is risky because plants from distant origins may be maladapted to the current local abiotic and biotic environment. In addition, introduction of non-local provenances will disrupt natural patterns of withinspecies biodiversity and will affect ecological networks, with unpredictable consequences. To balance the value of local adaptation with the need for future adaptation potential, we propose ‘regional admixture provenancing’ as a compromise strategy. Here seeds are sourced from multiple populations within the same region as the target locality and mixed prior to use. The mixing of seeds will increase the genetic diversity necessary for future adaptation, while restricting seed origins to a regional scale will maintain regional adaptation and reduce the risk of unintended effects on other biota. This approach is feasible in practice and has recently been implemented in Germany. We believe that it represents a compromise to reconcile opposing views on ecological restoration. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1007/s10592-018-1067-6 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145129 Bucharova, Anna, Bossdorf, Oliver, Hölzel, Norbert (1963-), Kollmann, Johannes (1963-), Prasse, Rüdiger, Durka, Walter , 2018. Mix and match: regional admixture provenancing strikes a balance among different seed-sourcing strategies for ecological restoration. , . 7-17
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