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Auteur Stefan Meyer |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (7)
Affiner la recherche100 ächer für die vielfalt : initiativen zur förderung der ackerwildkrautflora in Deutschland / Stefan Meyer (2015)
Titre : 100 ächer für die vielfalt : initiativen zur förderung der ackerwildkrautflora in Deutschland Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Stefan Meyer ; Christoph Leuschner (1956-) Editeur : Göttingen [Allemagne] : Universitätsverlag Göttingen Année de publication : 2015 Importance : 351 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-86395-184-9 Langues : Allemand (ger) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : La plupart des efforts entrepris jusqu'à présent pour protéger la flore sauvage des champs, fortement menacée, n'ont pas abouti à un succès durable. Le projet 100 champs pour la diversité, soutenu par la Fondation fédérale allemande pour l'environnement (DBU), a été lancé. Après une introduction à la thématique de la protection des herbes sauvages des champs, la démarche et les succès obtenus par cette initiative visant à l'établissement d'un réseau de champs protégés à l'échelle nationale est présenté. Sur la base d'une analyse des champs les plus précieux sur le plan floristique de l'Allemagne, 112 complexes de champs protégés d'une superficie totale d'environ 478 ha ont pu être mis en place, ont été garantis à long terme par des accords contractuels. Les terres protégées sont réparties dans tous les États allemands et couvrent un large éventail d'espèces comprennent un large éventail de sites avec des espèces de ségétales en partie menacées d'extinction. Outre la sauvegarde d'importantes populations résiduelles de la flore sauvage des champs, d'autres projets nationaux et internationaux ont été mis en œuvre dans le cadre du projet 100 Äcker. initiatives en faveur de la protection de l'agrobiodiversité et a permis d'attirer l'attention sur la problématique de la perte d'espèces dans le paysage agricole.
Traduit avec DeepL.com (version gratuite)Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153882 Meyer, Stefan, Leuschner, Christoph (1956-) , 2015. 100 ächer für die vielfalt : initiativen zur förderung der ackerwildkrautflora in Deutschland. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen (Allemagne). 351 pp.Exemplaires (1)
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Document (2015)URLClose to the edge: Spatial variation in plant diversity, biomass and floral resources in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields / Laura M. E. Sutcliffe in Journal of applied ecology, 61 (9) (2024)
Titre : Close to the edge: Spatial variation in plant diversity, biomass and floral resources in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Laura M. E. Sutcliffe ; Jenny Schellenberg ; Stefan Meyer ; Christoph Leuschner (1956-) Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : 2075-2086 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [LOTERRE-Biodiversité] Diversité botanique
[LOTERRE-Biodiversité] Pollinisateur
[CBNPMP-Thématique] MessicoleRésumé : 1. Non-crop (segetal) plants in arable systems are commonly perceived simply as ‘weeds’, that is, harmful at worst and undesirable at best. The increase in management intensity in European arable systems has vastly reduced the populations of all but the most disturbance-tolerant plant species, negatively impacting the whole agricultural food web. In recent years, efforts have been made to promote agricultural biodiversity through measures such as flower strips and unsprayed field margins. However, studies of their impacts on the arable flora have rarely considered their spatial variation within the crop field.
2. We investigated the spatial distribution of vascular plant species richness and their contribution to the food web via biomass and flower units in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields in six regions of Germany. We studied two types of in-crop measures (extensive cereals without pesticides or fertiliser, and with or without intercropping with flowering species) and one adjacent measure (neighbouring flower strip), recording at 1-m intervals from the field edge to the interior. These results were then extrapolated to illustrate the effects of these measures on resource provision at the field scale.
3. Species richness and plant biomass dropped off sharply after the first metre in the conventional treatments, regardless of the adjacent habitat. The ‘extensive’ treatments maintained a much higher level of diversity and resource provision in the field interior. At the field level, this can mean more than a 60-fold difference in the provision of flowering resources between conventional management (1900 flower units/ha) and agri-environment measures (AEMs) (127,000 units/ha for extensive cereals).
4. Synthesis and applications. The strong edge effects we found in conventional cultivation support the premise that reducing field sizes could play a role in promoting in-crop biodiversity. However, incorporating extensive field margins as an AEM would be more efficient at maximising the diversity of generalists whilst maintaining high yields.
Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/1365-2664.14737 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153533
in Journal of applied ecology > 61 (9) (2024) . - 2075-2086Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Schellenberg, Jenny, Meyer, Stefan, Leuschner, Christoph (1956-) 2024 Close to the edge: Spatial variation in plant diversity, biomass and floral resources in conventional and agri-environment cereal fields. Journal of applied ecology, 61(9): 2075-2086.Documents numériques
article (2024)URL
Titre : Current state and drivers of arable plant diversity in conventionally managed farmland in northwest Germany Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Alexander Wietzke (1982-) ; Clara-Sophie van Waveren ; Erwin Bergmeier ; Stefan Meyer ; Christoph Leuschner (1956-) Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 469 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Géographique] Allemagne
[CBNPMP-Thématique] MessicoleRésumé : Agricultural intensification has led to dramatic diversity losses and impoverishment of the arable vegetation in much of Europe. We analyzed the status of farmland phytodiversity and its determinants in 2016 in northwest Germany by surveying 200 conventionally managed fields cultivated with seven crops. The study was combined with an analysis of edaphic (soil yield potential), agronomic (crop cover, fertilizer and herbicide use) and landscape factors (adjacent habitats). In total, we recorded 150 non-crop plant species, many of them nitrophilous generalist species, while species of conservation value were almost completely absent. According to a post-hoc pairwise comparison of the mixed model results, the cultivation of rapeseed positively influenced non-crop plant species richness as compared to winter cereals (wheat, barley, rye and triticale; data pooled), maize or potato. The presence of grassy strips and ditch margins adjacent to fields increased plant richness at field edges presumably through spillover effects. In the field interiors, median values of non-crop plant richness and cover were only 2 species and 0.5% cover across all crops, and at the field edges 11 species and 4% cover. Agricultural intensification has wiped out non-crop plant life nearly completely from conventionally managed farmland, except for a narrow, floristically impoverished field edge strip. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.3390/d12120469 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148493
in Diversity > 12 (12) (December 2020) . - 469Wietzke, Alexander (1982-), Waveren, Clara-Sophie van, Bergmeier, Erwin, Meyer, Stefan, Leuschner, Christoph (1956-) 2020 Current state and drivers of arable plant diversity in conventionally managed farmland in northwest Germany. Diversity, 12(12): 469.Documents numériques
Article (2020)URL
Titre : Dramatic losses of specialist arable plants in Central Germany since the 1950s/60s – a cross-regional analysis Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Stefan Meyer ; Karsten Wesche ; Benjamin Krause ; Christoph Leuschner (1956-) Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : 1175-1187 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Géographique] Allemagne
[CBNPMP-Thématique] MessicoleRésumé : To assess the consequences of agricultural intensification since the 1950s for Central Europe's plant communities of arable plants. Location : Central Germany. We employed a semipermanent plot design to analyse changes in 392 field interiors for 10 study regions, including sandy, limestone and loamy sites between the 1950s/60s and 2009. The analysis revealed a reduction in the regional species pool during the 50-year period of 23% (from 301 to 233 vascular species) and dramatic losses in plot-level diversity (from medians of 24 to 7). Median cover of spontaneously growing arable plants decreased from 30% to 3%. Losses were disproportionally larger on limestone sites while sandy sites maintained a larger fraction of the original diversity. Archaeophytes, neophytes and most Poaceae (including some aggressive weeds) showed similarly strong losses as indigenous plants. This contradicts the assumption that grasses and neophytes are generally profiting from agricultural intensification. Crop diversity decreased from 25 crop plants present in the 1950s/60s to only 16 in 2009, while crop cover generally increased. Winter cereals, oilseed rape and maize are dominant today, while all other crop types showed strong declines. Vegetation change over time depended on soil substrate with once markedly different arable communities now showing more homogenized community structure. Increasing Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen and pH point to N fertilization as a major driver of change. New conservation measures such as the establishment of field flora reserves and agri-environment schemes with less intensive land use are thus urgently needed especially on limestone substrates to bring an end to the decline of this functionally distinct and increasingly threatened component of the Central European flora.
Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12102 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148442
in Diversity and Distributions > 19 (9) (September 2013) . - 1175-1187Meyer, Stefan, Wesche, Karsten, Krause, Benjamin, Leuschner, Christoph (1956-) 2013 Dramatic losses of specialist arable plants in Central Germany since the 1950s/60s – a cross-regional analysis. Diversity and Distributions, 19(9): 1175-1187.Documents numériques
Article (2013)URLImpoverishment of the arable flora of Central Germany during the past 50 years: a multiple-scale analysis / Stefan Meyer (2013)
Titre : Impoverishment of the arable flora of Central Germany during the past 50 years: a multiple-scale analysis Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : Stefan Meyer Editeur : Göttingen : Göttingen Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology Année de publication : 2013 Collection : Biodiversity and Ecology Series B num. 9 Importance : 175 p. Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole
[CBNPMP-Géographique] AllemagneRésumé : Since the first creation of arable land a crop-adapted flora and fauna has developed as a byproduct of low-intensity agriculture. Intensification and economic optimization of agricultural production during the last few decades have led to simplified agricultural landscapes and a decrease in spatial heterogeneity, resulting in a dramatic loss of species diversity and population decline of arable plants. In this context, numerous recent studies have pointed out that a diverse arable flora plays a key role in the functioning of agricultural systems, acting to maintain beneficial ecological functions (e.g. support of higher trophic levels or provision of ecosystem services). The aim of this thesis is to provide insights into the influence of agricultural intensification processes on shifts in arable vegetation from the continental to the population level for evaluating existing arable plant conservation schemes and proposing future strategies. Within the framework of this thesis, all observational studies were carried out in Central Germany. This study demonstrates a dramatic impoverishment of the arable vegetation on all major organisational levels. At the continental European scale, we found a positive relationship between national wheat yields and the numbers of rare, threatened or recently extinct arable plant species in each European country. It was found that for every extra tonne/hectare of wheat produced approximately ten more plant species become nationally threatened. Specialist species adapted to certain crops were among the most threatened. The results from this study showed that the increased use of agro-chemicals, especially in the EU Member States in Central and North-Western Europe, has selected against a larger group of arable species adapted to habitats with intermediate fertility. Moving to finer scale on the community level, this study clearly demonstrates that the European-wide intensification of arable habitat use has led to massive shifts in the arable plant community composition. In the 1950s/60s, most of the relevés could be easily assigned on association level, while the recent relevés could often only be classified at the level of higher syntaxa such as alliance, order, class or ‘fragmental’ floristicallyimpoverished communities. In this context, our analysis revealed a reduction of 23% in the number of species in the regional species pool during the 50-yr period, dramatic losses in plot-level diversity (median loss of 17 species per relevé) and decreasing population sizes of rare and diagnostic species. The results also indicate that vegetation changes depended on geological substrate, with sandy sites being less severely affected. Furthermore, the average cover of arable plants has dramatically decreased to a tenth of its original extent, while crop cover generally increased and crop diversity decreased. Archaeophytes, neophytes and most Poaceae (including some highly competitive weeds) showed large frequency losses similar to that of indigenous herbarceous plants, but only modest changes in their share of total arable plant cover. The observed increasing Ellenberg indicator values (EIV) for nitrogen and pH indicate that N-fertilisation may, in combination with increasing usage of herbicides and denser crop stands, act as a major driver of change in the arable vegetation. Consequently, the reported clear trend towards homogenization in community structure, where specialists and diagnostic species have disappeared and generalists increased is reflecting the growing uniformity in crop management schemes and soil fertility levels in recent time. The reported decreasing population sizes, especially in rare species with small populations (in this case Adonis aestivalis L. and Consolida regalis S.F. GRAY), are shown to affect their genetic diversity. In this context, also landscape complexity plays an important role because genetic structure varies among species and populations. However, contrary to expectation, within-population diversity levels of the species were significantly higher in populations located in monotonous landscapes than in populations of structurally diverse landscapes. Populations from diverse landscapes differed more significantly from each other than those from monotonous landscapes. Furthermore, we observed high within-population diversity for the outcrossing C. regalis, but low within-population diversity for the self-pollinating A. aestivalis. However, neither A. aestivalis nor C. regalis showed a significant isolation-by-distance regardless of landscape structure. In conclusion, the present study shows that arable plant communities are under dramatic threat, affecting all major organisational levels from the European scale to the population level. The rapid shifts in the highly dynamic agro-ecosystems within the last few decades have strongly influenced community structure, plant diversity, population sizes and genetic variation. To achieve the defined target of increasing the population size of the majority of species in agricultural ecosystems by 2015, new, effective and innovative schemes and programs are urgently required. Especially the design of the Common agricultural policy (CAP) after 2013 will be of major importance for the task to halt the loss of arable plant biodiversity in the agricultural landscape. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.3249/webdoc-3898 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148447 Meyer, Stefan , 2013. Impoverishment of the arable flora of Central Germany during the past 50 years: a multiple-scale analysis. Göttingen Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology, Göttingen. 175 pp.Documents numériques
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