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Flowering fields, organic farming and edge habitats promote diversity of plants and arthropods on arable land / Christoph Gayer in Journal of applied ecology, 58 (6) (June 2021) 

Public Citation [article]  inJournal of applied ecology > 58 (6) (June 2021) . - 1155-1166 Titre : Flowering fields, organic farming and edge habitats promote diversity of plants and arthropods on arable land Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Christoph Gayer ; Jochen Berger ; Martin Dieterich ; Róbert Gallé ; Konrad Reidl ; Rosa Witty ; Ben A. Woodcock ; Péter Batáry Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : 1155-1166 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : Increased farming intensity led to massive declines across multiple farmland taxa. In Europe, measures introduced to counteract these losses include those considered agronomically productive, such as organic farming, as well as those that support no direct production of crops, such as non-crop flowering fields in conventional farming systems. We studied biodiversity effects of non-productive flowering fields managed under conventional farming compared to both an organically managed cereal mono-crop (organic winter spelt fields) and a flowering mixed-crop (organic lentil mixed-crop fields) as well as conventionally managed winter wheat fields, which served as control crop. These four crop-use types were studied on six sites over 3 years (17 sites in total) to assess their impact on the activity density (cover for plants), species richness and community composition of wild plants, carabids, spiders, butterflies and wild bees. Species richness of wild plants was highest under organic farming and at field edges when compared to the interior. In the case of carabids and spiders, species richness was highest at the field edges, but there was no difference between the four crop-use types. In contrast, activity density and species richness of butterflies and wild bees responded only to flowering crop-use types, showing no edge effects. Arable land cover in 500 m buffer area also affected community composition of all taxa, with the exception of spiders, but had only minor effects on activity densities and species richness. Synthesis and applications. Our findings underline that there is no single best measure to promote biodiversity on arable land. Instead a mosaic of non-productive and productive measures such as conventional flowering fields, organic crops and field edge habitats might be more appropriate to support the regional species pool in arable-dominated landscapes. To support a range of complementary biodiversity-promoting farming practices, agricultural policy should foster the coordination and collaboration between multiple farmers within the same region by covering additional costs for coordination and prioritizing collaborative schemes. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/1365-2664.13851 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149186 Gayer, Christoph, Berger, Jochen, Dieterich, Martin, Gallé, Róbert, Reidl, Konrad, Witty, Rosa, Woodcock, Ben A., Batáry, Péter 2021 Flowering fields, organic farming and edge habitats promote diversity of plants and arthropods on arable land. Journal of applied ecology, 58(6): 1155-1166.

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Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions / Clélia Sirami in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116 (33) (July 2019) 

Public Citation [article]  inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America > 116 (33) (July 2019) . - 16442-16447 Titre : Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Clélia Sirami (1978-) ; Nicolas Gross ; Aliette Bosem Baillod ; Colette Bertrand ; Romain Carrié ; Annika Hass ; Laura Henckel ; Paul Miguet ; Carole Vuillot ; Audrey Alignier ; Jude Girard ; Péter Batáry ; Yann Clough ; Cyrille Violle ; David Giralt ; Gerard Bota ; Isabelle Badenhausser ; Gaëtan Lefebvre ; Bertrand Gauffre ; Aude Vialatte ; François Calatayud ; Assu Gil-Tena ; Lutz Tischendorf ; Scott Mitchell ; Kathryn Lindsay ; Romain Georges ; Samuel Hilaire ; Jordi Recasens i Guinjuan (1957-) ; Xavier Oriol Solé-Senan ; Irene Robleño ; Jordi Bosch ; Jose Antonio Barrientos ; Antonio Ricarte ; Maria Ángeles Marcos-Garcia ; Jesús Miñano ; Raphaël Mathevet ; Annick Gibon ; Jacques Baudry (1952-) ; Gérard Balent (1949-) ; Brigitte Poulin ; Françoise Burel ; Teja Tscharntke (1952-) ; Vincent Bretagnolle ; Gavin Siriwardena ; Annie Ouin ; Lluis Brotons ; Jean-Louis Martin ; Lenore Fahrig Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : 16442-16447 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1906419116 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148939 Sirami, Clélia (1978-), Gross, Nicolas, Bosem Baillod, Aliette, Bertrand, Colette, Carrié, Romain, Hass, Annika, Henckel, Laura, Miguet, Paul, Vuillot, Carole, Alignier, Audrey, Girard, Jude, Batáry, Péter, Clough, Yann, Violle, Cyrille, Giralt, David, Bota, Gerard, Badenhausser, Isabelle, Lefebvre, Gaëtan, Gauffre, Bertrand, Vialatte, Aude, Calatayud, François, Gil-Tena, Assu, Tischendorf, Lutz, Mitchell, Scott, Lindsay, Kathryn, Georges, Romain, Hilaire, Samuel, Recasens i Guinjuan, Jordi (1957-), Solé-Senan, Xavier Oriol, Robleño, Irene, Bosch, Jordi, Barrientos, Jose Antonio, Ricarte, Antonio, Marcos-Garcia, Maria Ángeles, Miñano, Jesús, Mathevet, Raphaël, Gibon, Annick, Baudry, Jacques (1952-), Balent, Gérard (1949-), Poulin, Brigitte, Burel, Françoise, Tscharntke, Teja (1952-), Bretagnolle, Vincent, Siriwardena, Gavin, Ouin, Annie, Brotons, Lluis, Martin, Jean-Louis, Fahrig, Lenore 2019 Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(33): 16442-16447.

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The role of agri-environment schemes in conservation and environmental management / Péter Batáry in Conservation Biology, (2015) 

Public Citation [article]  inConservation Biology > (2015) . - 1-11 Titre : The role of agri-environment schemes in conservation and environmental management Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Péter Batáry ; Lynn V. Dicks ; David Kleijn ; Willliam J. Sutherland (1956-) Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : 1-11 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Over half of the European landscape is under agricultural management and has been formillennia. Many species and ecosystems of conservation concern in Europe depend on agricultural management and are showing ongoing declines. Agri-environment schemes (AES) are designed partly to address this. They are a major source of nature conservation funding within the European Union (EU) and the highest conservation expenditure in Europe.We reviewed the structure of current AES across Europe. Since a 2003 review questioned the overall effectiveness of AES for biodiversity, there has been a plethora of case studies and meta-analyses examining their effectiveness. Most syntheses demonstrate general increases in farmland biodiversity in response to AES, with the size of the effect depending on the structure and management of the surrounding landscape. This is important in the light of successive EU enlargement and ongoing reforms of AES. We examined the change in effect size over time by merging the data sets of 3 recent meta-analyses and found that schemes implemented after revision of the EU’s agri-environmental programs in 2007 were not more effective than schemes implemented before revision. Furthermore, schemes aimed at areas out of production (such as field margins and hedgerows) are more effective at enhancing species richness than those aimed at productive areas (such as arable crops or grasslands). Outstanding research questions include whether AES enhance ecosystem services, whether they are more effective in agriculturally marginal areas than in intensively farmed areas, whether they are more or less cost-effective for farmland biodiversity than protected areas, and how much their effectiveness is influenced by farmer training and advice? The general lesson from the European experience is that AES can be effective for conserving wildlife on farmland, but they are expensive and need to be carefully designed and targeted. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/cobi.12536 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=145978 Batáry, Péter, Dicks, Lynn V., Kleijn, David, Sutherland, Willliam J. (1956-) 2015 The role of agri-environment schemes in conservation and environmental management. Conservation Biology: 1-11.

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