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Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design / Sabrina Gaba in Agronomy for sustainable Development, 35 (2015) 

Public Citation [article]  inAgronomy for sustainable Development > 35 (2015) . - 607-623 Titre : Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Sabrina Gaba (1978-) ; Françoise Lescourret ; Simon Boudsocq ; Jérôme Enjalbert ; Philippe Hinsinger ; Etienne-Pascal Journet ; Marie-Laure Navas ; Jacques Wery ; Gaetan Louarn ; Eric Malézieux ; Elise Pelzer ; Marion Prudent ; Harry Ozier-Lafontaine Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : 607-623 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Agroécologie [CBNPMP-Thématique] Culture (cultiver végétaux) Résumé : Provisioning services, such as the production of food, feed, and fiber, have always been the main focus of agriculture. Since the 1950s, intensive cropping systems based on the cultivation of a single crop or a single cultivar, in simplified rotations or monocultures, and relying on extensive use of agrochemical inputs have been preferred to more diverse, self-sustaining cropping systems, regardless of the environmental consequences. However, there is increasing evidence that such intensive agroecosystems have led to a decline in biodiversity as well as threatening the environment and have damaged a number of ecosystem services such as the biogeochemical nutrient cycles and the regulation of climate and water quality. Consequently, the current challenge facing agriculture is to ensure the future of food production while reducing the use of inputs and limiting environmental impacts and the loss of biodiversity. Here, we review examples of multiple cropping systems that aim to use biotic interactions to reduce chemical inputs and provide more ecosystem services than just provisioning. Our main findings are the identification of underlying ecological processes and management strategies related to the provision of pairs of ecosystem services namely food production and a regulation service. We also found gaps between ecological knowledge and the constraints of agricultural practices in taking account of the interactions and possible trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services as well as socioeconomic constraints. We present guidelines for the design of multiple cropping systems combining ecological, agricultural, and genetic concepts and approaches. Identifiant : HAL : hal-01173332 / DOI : 10.1007/s13593-014-0272-z Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147189 Gaba, Sabrina (1978-), Lescourret, Françoise, Boudsocq, Simon, Enjalbert, Jérôme, Hinsinger, Philippe, Journet, Etienne-Pascal, Navas, Marie-Laure, Wery, Jacques, Louarn, Gaetan, Malézieux, Eric, Pelzer, Elise, Prudent, Marion, Ozier-Lafontaine, Harry 2015 Multiple cropping systems as drivers for providing multiple ecosystem services: from concepts to design. Agronomy for sustainable Development, 35: 607-623.

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Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves / Denis Vile in Annals of Botany, 96 (2005) 

Public Citation [article]  inAnnals of Botany > 96 (2005) . - 1129-1136 Titre : Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Denis Vile (1977-) ; Éric Garnier (1959-) ; Bill Shipley (1960-) ; Gérard Laurent ; Marie-Laure Navas ; Catherine Roumet ; Sandra Lavorel (1965-) ; Sandra Díaz ; John Gavin Hodgson (1945-) ; Francisco Lloret ; Guy F. Midgley ; Hendrik Poorter ; Mike C. Rutherford ; Peter J. Wilson ; Ian J. Wright Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : 1129-1136 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Revégétalisation Résumé : Background and Aims Leaf thickness plays an important role in leaf and plant functioning, and relates to a species' strategy of resource acquisition and use. As such, it has been widely used for screening purposes in crop science and community ecology. However, since its measurement is not straightforward, a number of estimates have been proposed. Here, the validity of the (SLA × LDMC)−1 product is tested to estimate leaf thickness, where SLA is the specific leaf area (leaf area/dry mass) and LDMC is the leaf dry matter content (leaf dry mass/fresh mass). SLA and LDMC are two leaf traits that are both more easily measurable and often reported in the literature. Methods The relationship between leaf thickness (LT) and (SLA × LDMC)−1 was tested in two analyses of covariance using 11 datasets (three original and eight published) for a total number of 1039 data points, corresponding to a wide range of growth forms growing in contrasted environments in four continents. Key Results and Conclusions The overall slope and intercept of the relationship were not significantly different from one and zero, respectively, and the residual standard error was 0·11. Only two of the eight datasets displayed a significant difference in the intercepts, and the only significant difference among the most represented growth forms was for trees. LT can therefore be estimated by (SLA × LDMC)−1, allowing leaf thickness to be derived from easily and widely measured leaf traits. Identifiant : DOI : 10.1093/aob/mci264 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150726 Vile, Denis (1977-), Garnier, Éric (1959-), Shipley, Bill (1960-), Laurent, Gérard, Navas, Marie-Laure, Roumet, Catherine, Lavorel, Sandra (1965-), Díaz, Sandra, Hodgson, John Gavin (1945-), Lloret, Francisco, Midgley, Guy F., Poorter, Hendrik, Rutherford, Mike C., Wilson, Peter J., Wright, Ian J. 2005 Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves. Annals of Botany, 96: 1129-1136.

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A trait-based approach to comparative functional plant ecology: concepts, methods and applications for agroecology. A review / Éric Garnier in Agronomy for sustainable Development, 32 (2012) 

Public Citation [article]  inAgronomy for sustainable Development > 32 (2012) . - 365-399 Titre : A trait-based approach to comparative functional plant ecology: concepts, methods and applications for agroecology. A review Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Éric Garnier (1959-) ; Marie-Laure Navas Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 365-399 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Agroécologie [CBNPMP-Thématique] Biodiversité Résumé : Comparative functional ecology seeks to understand why and how ecological systems and their components operate differently across environments. Although traditionally used in (semi)-natural situations, its concepts and methods could certainly apply to address key issues in the large variety of agricultural systems encountered across the world. In this review, we present major advances in comparative plant functional ecology that were made possible over the last two decades by the rapid development of a trait-based approach to plant functioning and prospects to apply it in agricultural situations. The strength of this approach is that it enables us to assess the interactions between organisms and their environment simultaneously on a large number of species, a prerequisite to address questions relative to species distribution, community assembly and ecosystem functioning. The trait concept will be first defined, before presenting a conceptual framework to understand the effects of environmental factors on plant community structure and ecosystem properties via plant traits. We will then argue that leading dimensions of variation among species can be captured by some selected traits and show that a combination of three easily measured traits—specific leaf area (the ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass), plant height and seed mass—enables us to assess how different species use their resources, interact with neighbours and disperse in time and space. The use of traits to address central questions in community ecology will be reviewed next. It will be shown that traits allow us to (1) understand how plant species are sorted according to the nature of environmental gradients, (2) evaluate the relative importance of habitat filtering and limiting similarity in the process of community assembly and (3) quantify two main components of community functional structure, namely, community-weighted means of traits and community functional divergence. The relative impacts of these two components on ecosystem properties will then be discussed in the case of several components of primary productivity, litter decomposition, soil water content and carbon sequestration. There is strong support for the biomass ratio hypothesis, which states that the extent to which the traits of a species affect those ecosystem properties depends on the abundance of this species in the community. Assessing the role of functional divergence among species on ecosystem properties will require major methodological breakthroughs, both in terms of metrics and statistical procedures to be used. In agricultural situations, we show that trait-based approaches have been successfully developed to assess the impacts of management practices on (1) the agronomic value of grasslands and (2) the functional composition and structure of crop weed communities and how these could affect the functioning of the crop. Applications in forestry are still poorly developed, especially in temperate regions where the number of species in managed forest remains relatively low. The last decades of research have led to the constitution of large data sets of plant traits, which remain poorly compatible and accessible. Recent advances in the field of ecoinformatics suggest that major progress could be achieved in this area by using improved metadata standards and advancing trait domain ontologies. Finally, concluding remarks, unanswered questions and directions for research using the functional approach to biodiversity made possible by the use of traits will be discussed in the contexts of ecological and agronomical systems. The latter indeed cover a wide range of environmental conditions and biological diversity, and the prospect for reducing environmental impacts in highly productive, lowdiversity systems will certainly imply improving our skills for the management of more diverse systems prone to a trait-based approach as reviewed here. Identifiant : DOI : 10.1007/s13593-011-0036-y / HAL : hal-00930507 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155390 Garnier, Éric (1959-), Navas, Marie-Laure 2012 A trait-based approach to comparative functional plant ecology: concepts, methods and applications for agroecology. A review. Agronomy for sustainable Development, 32: 365-399.

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