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Disturbance is the key to plant invasions in cold environments / Jonas J. Lembrechts in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (49) (2016) 

Public Citation [article]  inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America > 113 (49) (2016) . - 14061-14066 Titre : Disturbance is the key to plant invasions in cold environments Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Jonas J. Lembrechts ; Aníbal Pauchard ; Jonathan Lenoir ; Martin A. Nuñez ; Charly Geron ; Arne Ven ; Pablo Bravo-Monasterio ; Ernesto Teneb ; Ivan Nijs ; Ann Milbau Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : 14061-14066 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes [LOTERRE-Biodiversité] Changement climatique Résumé : Until now, nonnative plant species were rarely found at high elevations and latitudes. However, partly because of climate warming, biological invasions are now on the rise in these extremely cold environments. These plant invasions make it timely to undertake a thorough experimental assessment of what has previously been holding them back. This knowledge is key to developing efficient management of the increasing risks of cold-climate invasions. Here, we integrate human interventions (i.e., disturbance, nutrient addition, and propagule input) and climatic factors (i.e., temperature) into one seed-addition experiment across two continents: the subantarctic Andes and subarctic Scandinavian mountains (Scandes), to disentangle their roles in limiting or favoring plant invasions. Disturbance was found as the main determinant of plant invader success (i.e., establishment, growth, and flowering) along the entire cold-climate gradient, explaining 40–60% of the total variance in our models, with no indication of any facilitative effect from the native vegetation. Higher nutrient levels additionally stimulated biomass production and flowering. Establishment and flowering displayed a hump-shaped response with increasing elevation, suggesting that competition is the main limit on invader success at low elevations, as opposed to low-growing-season temperatures at high elevations. Our experiment showed, however, that nonnative plants can establish, grow, and flower well above their current elevational limits in high-latitude mountains. We thus argue that cold-climate ecosystems are likely to see rapid increases in plant invasions in the near future as a result of a synergistic interaction between increasing human-mediated disturbances and climate warming. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1608980113 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150057 Lembrechts, Jonas J., Pauchard, Aníbal, Lenoir, Jonathan, Nuñez, Martin A., Geron, Charly, Ven, Arne, Bravo-Monasterio, Pablo, Teneb, Ernesto, Nijs, Ivan, Milbau, Ann 2016 Disturbance is the key to plant invasions in cold environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(49): 14061-14066.

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Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non-native species in mountain areas / Rebecca Liedtke in Biological invasions, 22 (2020) 

Public Citation [article]  inBiological invasions > 22 (2020) . - 1121-1134 Titre : Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non-native species in mountain areas Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Rebecca Liedtke ; Agustina Barros ; Franz Essl (1973-) ; Jonas J. Lembrechts ; Ronja E.M. Wedegärtner ; Aníbal Pauchard ; Stefan Dullinger Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 1121-1134 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Enjeux de conservation des lacs d'altitude [CBNPMP-Thématique] Sports et activités de pleine nature Résumé : Roadsides are major pathways of plant invasions in mountain regions. However, the increasing importance of tourism may also turn hiking trails into conduits of non-native plant spread to remote mountain landscapes. Here, we evaluated the importance of such trails for plant invasion in five protected mountain areas of southern central Chile. We therefore sampled native and non-native species along 17 trails and in the adjacent undisturbed vegetation. We analyzed whether the number and cover of non-native species in local plant assemblages is related to distance to trail and a number of additional variables that characterize the abiotic and biotic environment as well as the usage of the trail. We found that non-native species at higher elevations are a subset of the lowland source pool and that their number and cover decreases with increasing elevation and with distance to trails, although this latter variable only explained 4–8% of the variation in the data. In addition, non-native richness and cover were positively correlated with signs of livestock presence but negatively with the presence of intact forest vegetation. These results suggest that, at least in the region studied, hiking trails have indeed fostered non-native species spread to higher elevations, although less efficiently than roadsides. As a corollary, appropriate planning and management of trails could become increasingly important to control plant invasions into mountains in a world which is warming and where visitation and recreational use of mountainous areas is expected to increase. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1007/s10530-019-02165-9 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150797 Liedtke, Rebecca, Barros, Agustina, Essl, Franz (1973-), Lembrechts, Jonas J., Wedegärtner, Ronja E.M., Pauchard, Aníbal, Dullinger, Stefan 2020 Hiking trails as conduits for the spread of non-native species in mountain areas. Biological invasions, 22: 1121-1134.

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Microclimate variability in alpine ecosystems as stepping stones for non-native plant establishment above their current elevational limit / Jonas J. Lembrechts in Ecography, 41 (6) (2018) 

Public Citation [article]  inEcography > 41 (6) (2018) . - 900-909 Titre : Microclimate variability in alpine ecosystems as stepping stones for non-native plant establishment above their current elevational limit Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Jonas J. Lembrechts ; Jonathan Lenoir ; Martin A. Nuñez ; Aníbal Pauchard ; Charly Geron ; Gilles Bussé ; Ann Milbau ; Ivan Nijs Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : 900-909 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Enjeux de conservation des lacs d'altitude Résumé : Alpine environments are currently relatively free from non-native plant species, although their presence and abundance have recently been on the rise. It is however still unclear whether the observed low invasion levels in these areas are due to an inherent resistance of the alpine zone to invasions or whether an exponential increase in invasion is just a matter of time. Using a seed-addition experiment on north- and south-facing slopes (cf. microclimatic gradient) on two mountains in subarctic Sweden, we tested the establishment of six non-native species at an elevation above their current distribution limits and under experimentally enhanced anthropogenic pressures (disturbance, added nutrients and increased propagule pressure). We found a large microclimatic variability in cumulative growing degree days (GDD) (range  500.77°C, SD  120.70°C) due to both physiographic (e.g. aspect) and biophysical (e.g. vegetation cover) features, the latter being altered by the experimental disturbance. Non-native species establishment and biomass production were positively correlated with GDD along the studied microclimatic gradient. However, even though establishment on the north-facing slopes caught up with that on the south-facing slopes throughout the growing season, biomass production was limited on the north-facing slopes due to a shorter growing season. On top of this microclimatic effect, all experimentally imposed anthropogenic factors enhanced non-native species success. The observed microclimatic effect indicates a potential for non-native species to use warm microsites as stepping stones for their establishment towards the cold end of the gradient. Combined with anthropogenic pressures this result suggests an increasing risk for plant invasion in cold ecosystems, as such stepping stones in alpine ecosystems are likely to be more common in a future that will combine a warming climate with persistent anthropogenic pressures. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/ecog.03263 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150983 Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lenoir, Jonathan, Nuñez, Martin A., Pauchard, Aníbal, Geron, Charly, Bussé, Gilles, Milbau, Ann, Nijs, Ivan 2018 Microclimate variability in alpine ecosystems as stepping stones for non-native plant establishment above their current elevational limit. Ecography, 41(6): 900-909.

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Mountain roads shift native and non-native plant species' ranges / Jonas J. Lembrechts in Ecography, 40 (3) (2017) 

Public Citation [article]  inEcography > 40 (3) (2017) . - 353-364 Titre : Mountain roads shift native and non-native plant species' ranges Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Jonas J. Lembrechts ; Jake Alexander (1980-) ; Lohengrin A. Cavieres ; Sylvia Haider ; Jonathan Lenoir ; Christoph Kueffer ; Keith McDougall ; Bridgett J. Naylor ; Martin A. Nuñez ; Aníbal Pauchard ; Lisa J. Rew ; Ivan Nijs ; Ann Milbau Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : 353-364 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Résumé : Roads are known to act as corridors for dispersal of plant species. With their variable microclimate, role as corridors for species movement and reoccurring disturbance events, they show several characteristics that might influence range dynamics of both native and non-native species. Previous research on plant species ranges in mountains however seldom included the effects of roads. To study how ranges of native and non-native species differ between roads and adjacent vegetation, we used a global dataset of plant species composition along mountain roads. We compared average elevation and range width of species, and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to compile their range optimum and amplitude. We then explored differences between roadside and adjacent plots based on a species’ origin (native vs non-native) and nitrogen and temperature affinity. Most non-native species had on average higher elevational ranges and broader amplitudes in roadsides. Higher optima for non-native species were associated with high nitrogen and temperature affinity. While lowland native species showed patterns comparable to those in non-native species, highland native species had significantly lower elevational ranges in roadsides compared to the adjacent vegetation. We conclude that roadsides indeed change the elevational ranges of a variety of species. These changes are not limited to the expansion of non-native species along mountain roads, but also include both upward and downward changes in ranges of native species. Roadsides may thus facilitate upward range shifts, for instance related to climate change, and they could serve as corridors to facilitate migration of alpine species between adjacent high-elevation areas. We recommend including the effects of mountain roads in species distribution models to fine-tune the predictions of range changes in a warming climate. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/ecog.02200 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150113 Lembrechts, Jonas J., Alexander, Jake (1980-), Cavieres, Lohengrin A., Haider, Sylvia, Lenoir, Jonathan, Kueffer, Christoph, McDougall, Keith, Naylor, Bridgett J., Nuñez, Martin A., Pauchard, Aníbal, Rew, Lisa J., Nijs, Ivan, Milbau, Ann 2017 Mountain roads shift native and non-native plant species' ranges. Ecography, 40(3): 353-364.

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Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents / Evelin Iseli in Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7 (2023) 

Public Citation [article]  inNature Ecology & Evolution > 7 (2023) . - 405-413 Titre : Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Evelin Iseli ; Chelsea Chisholm ; Jonathan Lenoir ; Sylvia Haider ; Tim Seipel ; Agustina Barros ; Anna L. Hargreaves ; Paul kardol ; Jonas J. Lembrechts ; Keith McDougall ; Irfan Rashid ; Sabine B. Rumpf ; José Ramón Arévalo ; Lohengrin A. Cavieres ; Curtis Daehler ; Pervaiz A. Dar ; Bryan Endress ; Gabi Jakobs ; Alejandra Jiménez ; Christoph Küffer ; Maritza Mihoc ; Ann Milbau ; John W. Morgan ; Bridgett J. Naylor ; Aníbal Pauchard ; Amanda Ratier Backes ; Zafar A. Reshi ; Lisa J. Rew ; Damiano Righetti ; James M. Shannon ; Graciela Valencia ; Neville G. Walsh ; Genevieve T. Wright ; Jake Alexander (1980-) Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : 405-413 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Résumé : High-elevation ecosystems are among the few ecosystems worldwide that are not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards to fill their climatic niches and respond to ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether and how quickly these changes are happening has only been assessed in a few isolated cases. Starting in 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of non-native plant distributions along mountain roads in 11 regions from 5 continents. We show that over a 5- to 10-year period, the number of non-native species increased on average by approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction and magnitude of upper range limit shifts depended on elevation across all regions. Supported by a null-model approach accounting for range changes expected by chance alone, we found greater than expected upward shifts at lower/mid elevations in at least seven regions. After accounting for elevation dependence, significant average upward shifts were detected in a further three regions (revealing evidence for upward shifts in 10 of 11 regions). Together, our results show that mountain environments are becoming increasingly exposed to biological invasions, emphasizing the need to monitor and prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging in high-elevation ecosystems. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1038/s41559-022-01979-6 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150556 Iseli, Evelin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Lenoir, Jonathan, Haider, Sylvia, Seipel, Tim, Barros, Agustina, Hargreaves, Anna L., kardol, Paul, Lembrechts, Jonas J., McDougall, Keith, Rashid, Irfan, Rumpf, Sabine B., Arévalo, José Ramón, Cavieres, Lohengrin A., Daehler, Curtis, Dar, Pervaiz A., Endress, Bryan, Jakobs, Gabi, Jiménez, Alejandra, Küffer, Christoph, Mihoc, Maritza, Milbau, Ann, Morgan, John W., Naylor, Bridgett J., Pauchard, Aníbal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Reshi, Zafar A., Rew, Lisa J., Righetti, Damiano, Shannon, James M., Valencia, Graciela, Walsh, Neville G., Wright, Genevieve T., Alexander, Jake (1980-) 2023 Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 7: 405-413.

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