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Can rare arable plants benefit biological pest control potential of cereal aphids in croplands? / Alina Twerski in Basic and applied ecology, Online (12 December 2022) 

Public Citation [article]  inBasic and applied ecology > Online (12 December 2022) . - 1-46 Titre : Can rare arable plants benefit biological pest control potential of cereal aphids in croplands? Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Alina Twerski ; Harald Albrecht ; Róbert Gallé ; Fabian Sauter ; Péter Császár ; Christina Fischer Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : 1-46 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : In agricultural landscapes, arable plants are negatively affected by management intensification. These species can fulfill various ecosystem functions, such as biological pest control, by supporting predators. The ecosystem functions of common plant species are widely known. By contrast, the contribution of rare arable plants (RAPs) to biocontrol in cereal fields remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of RAPs on biocontrol potential. We compared cropped plots with and without sowing of rare and threatened arable plant species and investigated the effects on cereal aphids and their antagonistic predators, active hunting, and web-building spiders, as well as carnivorous/omnivorous carabids. We counted the total number of aphids on cereal shoots and trapped ground-dwelling arthropods on an experimental field and on 10 agricultural farms in the vicinity of Munich, Germany, in 2018 and 2019. The effects of the presence of RAP were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models, whereas cover of RAPs was analyzed using structural equation models. Linear models revealed that the presence of RAPs did not significantly affect the aphid density and the activity densities of spiders and carabids. Structural equation models revealed direct negative effects of RAP cover on aphid density. However, no indirect effects via the predators of aphids were detected. Direct negative effects of active hunting spiders on aphids were determined, but not of the other potential predators. The weak impact of RAPs on spiders and carabids suggests that the species richness of plant communities exerts only little influence on organisms at higher trophic levels. Our results suggest that RAPs may indirectly impact aphid infestation, however, the activity density of spiders and carabids were unsuitable indicators for such interactions. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=148564 Twerski, Alina, Albrecht, Harald, Gallé, Róbert, Sauter, Fabian, Császár, Péter, Fischer, Christina 2022 Can rare arable plants benefit biological pest control potential of cereal aphids in croplands? Basic and applied ecology, Online: 1-46.

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Flowering fields, organic farming and edge habitats promote diversity of plants and arthropods on arable land / Christoph Gayer in Journal of applied ecology, 58 (6) (June 2021) 

Public Citation [article]  inJournal of applied ecology > 58 (6) (June 2021) . - 1155-1166 Titre : Flowering fields, organic farming and edge habitats promote diversity of plants and arthropods on arable land Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Christoph Gayer ; Jochen Berger ; Martin Dieterich ; Róbert Gallé ; Konrad Reidl ; Rosa Witty ; Ben A. Woodcock ; Péter Batáry Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : 1155-1166 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole Résumé : Increased farming intensity led to massive declines across multiple farmland taxa. In Europe, measures introduced to counteract these losses include those considered agronomically productive, such as organic farming, as well as those that support no direct production of crops, such as non-crop flowering fields in conventional farming systems. We studied biodiversity effects of non-productive flowering fields managed under conventional farming compared to both an organically managed cereal mono-crop (organic winter spelt fields) and a flowering mixed-crop (organic lentil mixed-crop fields) as well as conventionally managed winter wheat fields, which served as control crop. These four crop-use types were studied on six sites over 3 years (17 sites in total) to assess their impact on the activity density (cover for plants), species richness and community composition of wild plants, carabids, spiders, butterflies and wild bees. Species richness of wild plants was highest under organic farming and at field edges when compared to the interior. In the case of carabids and spiders, species richness was highest at the field edges, but there was no difference between the four crop-use types. In contrast, activity density and species richness of butterflies and wild bees responded only to flowering crop-use types, showing no edge effects. Arable land cover in 500 m buffer area also affected community composition of all taxa, with the exception of spiders, but had only minor effects on activity densities and species richness. Synthesis and applications. Our findings underline that there is no single best measure to promote biodiversity on arable land. Instead a mosaic of non-productive and productive measures such as conventional flowering fields, organic crops and field edge habitats might be more appropriate to support the regional species pool in arable-dominated landscapes. To support a range of complementary biodiversity-promoting farming practices, agricultural policy should foster the coordination and collaboration between multiple farmers within the same region by covering additional costs for coordination and prioritizing collaborative schemes. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1111/1365-2664.13851 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=149186 Gayer, Christoph, Berger, Jochen, Dieterich, Martin, Gallé, Róbert, Reidl, Konrad, Witty, Rosa, Woodcock, Ben A., Batáry, Péter 2021 Flowering fields, organic farming and edge habitats promote diversity of plants and arthropods on arable land. Journal of applied ecology, 58(6): 1155-1166.

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