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Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter-rows in different floral kingdoms / Sophie Kratschmer in Ecology and evolution, 11 (12) (2021) 

Public Citation [article]  inEcology and evolution > 11 (12) (2021) . - 7927-7945 Titre : Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter-rows in different floral kingdoms Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Sophie Kratschmer ; Bärbel Pachinger ; René Gaigher ; James S. Pryke ; Julia van Schallkwyk ; Michael J. Samways ; Annalie Melin ; Temitope Kehinde ; Johann G. Zaller ; Silvia Winter Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : 7927-7945 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole [CBNPMP-Thématique] Formation herbeuse, ligneuse (vigne, verger..) Résumé : Wild bees are threatened by multiple interacting stressors, such as habitat loss, land use change, parasites, and pathogens. However, vineyards with vegetated inter-rows can offer high floral resources within viticultural landscapes and provide foraging and nesting habitats for wild bees. Here, we assess how vineyard management regimes (organic vs. conventional; inter-row vegetation management) and landscape composition determine the inter-row plant and wild bee assemblages, as well as how these variables relate to functional traits in 24 Austrian and 10 South African vineyards. Vineyards had either permanent vegetation cover in untilled inter-rows or temporary vegetation cover in infrequently tilled inter-rows. Proportion of seminatural habitats (e.g., fallows, grassland, field margins) and woody structures (e.g., woodlots, single trees, tree rows) were used as proxies for landscape composition and mapped within 500-m radius around the study vineyards. Organic vineyard management increased functional richness (FRic) of wild bees and flowering plants, with woody structures marginally increasing species richness and FRic of wild bees. Wild bee and floral traits were differently associated across the countries. In Austria, several bee traits (e.g., lecty, pollen collection type, proboscis length) were associated with flower color and symmetry, while in South African vineyards, only bees’ proboscis length was positively correlated with floral traits characteristic of Asteraceae flowers (e.g., ray–disk morphology, yellow colors). Solitary bee species in Austria benefitted from infrequent tillage, while ground nesting species preferred inter-rows with undisturbed soils. Higher proportions of woody structures in surrounding landscapes resulted in less solitary and corbiculate bees in Austria, but more aboveground nesting species in South Africa. In both countries, associations between FRic of wild bees and flowering plants were positive both in organic and in conventional vineyards. We recommend the use of diverse cover crop seed mixtures to enhance plant flowering diversity in inter-rows, to increase wild bee richness in viticultural landscapes. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1002/ece3.7623 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153925 Kratschmer, Sophie, Pachinger, Bärbel, Gaigher, René, Pryke, James S., Schallkwyk, Julia van, Samways, Michael J., Melin, Annalie, Kehinde, Temitope, Zaller, Johann G., Winter, Silvia 2021 Enhancing flowering plant functional richness improves wild bee diversity in vineyard inter-rows in different floral kingdoms. Ecology and evolution, 11(12): 7927-7945.

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Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter-row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe / Sophie Kratschmer in Ecology and evolution, 9 (7) (2019) 

Public Citation [article]  inEcology and evolution > 9 (7) (2019) . - 4103-4115 Titre : Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter-row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Sophie Kratschmer ; Bärbel Pachinger ; Martina Schwantzer ; Daniel Paredes ; Gema Guzmán ; José A. Goméz ; José A. Entrenas ; Muriel Guernion ; Françoise Burel ; Annegret Nicolai ; Albin Fertil ; Daniela Popescu ; Laura Macavei ; Adela Hoble ; Claudiu Bunea ; Monica Kriechbaum ; Johann G. Zaller ; Silvia Winter Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : 4103-4115 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [LOTERRE-Biodiversité] Diversité botanique [LOTERRE-Biodiversité] Pollinisateur [CBNPMP-Thématique] Messicole [CBNPMP-Thématique] Formation herbeuse, ligneuse (vigne, verger..) Résumé : Agricultural intensification is a major driver of wild bee decline. Vineyards may be inhabited by plant and animal species, especially when the inter-row space is vegetated with spontaneous vegetation or cover crops. Wild bees depend on floral resources and suitable nesting sites which may be found in vineyard inter-rows or in viticultural landscapes. Inter-row vegetation is managed by mulching, tillage, and/or herbicide application and results in habitat degradation when applied intensively. Here, we hypothesize that lower vegetation management intensities, higher floral resources, and landscape diversity affect wild bee diversity and abundance dependent on their functional traits. We sampled wild bees semi-quantitatively in 63 vineyards representing different vegetation management intensities across Europe in 2016. A proxy for floral resource availability was based on visual flower cover estimations. Management intensity was assessed by vegetation cover (%) twice a year per vineyard. The Shannon Landscape Diversity Index was used as a proxy for landscape diversity within a 750 m radius around each vineyard center point. Wild bee communities were clustered by country. At the country level, between 20 and 64 wild bee species were identified. Increased floral resource availability and extensive vegetation management both affected wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards strongly positively. Increased landscape diversity had a small positive effect on wild bee diversity but compensated for the negative effect of low floral resource availability by increasing eusocial bee abundance. We conclude that wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards is efficiently promoted by increasing floral resources and reducing vegetation management frequency. High landscape diversity further compensates for low floral resources in vineyards and increases pollinating insect abundance in viticulture landscapes. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1002/ece3.5039 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153926 Kratschmer, Sophie, Pachinger, Bärbel, Schwantzer, Martina, Paredes, Daniel, Guzmán, Gema, Goméz, José A., Entrenas, José A., Guernion, Muriel, Burel, Françoise, Nicolai, Annegret, Fertil, Albin, Popescu, Daniela, Macavei, Laura, Hoble, Adela, Bunea, Claudiu, Kriechbaum, Monica, Zaller, Johann G., Winter, Silvia 2019 Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter-row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe. Ecology and evolution, 9(7): 4103-4115.

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Consultable article (2019) URL