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Auteur Stefano Giantin |
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Affiner la rechercheOutbreaks of lethal cyanogenic glycosides poisonings of cattle after ingestion of Sorghum ssp. grown under drought conditions in August 2022 in Piedmont (North-Western Italy) / Stefano Giantin in Large Animal Review, 24 (4) (2023)
Titre : Outbreaks of lethal cyanogenic glycosides poisonings of cattle after ingestion of Sorghum ssp. grown under drought conditions in August 2022 in Piedmont (North-Western Italy) Type de document : Numérique Auteurs : Stefano Giantin ; Alberico Franzin ; Giovanni Topi ; Giorgio Fedrizzi ; Carlo Nebbia Année de publication : 2023 Article en page(s) : 171-175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Mots-clés : Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Résumé : The following case report aims to present an outbreak of cattle poisoning recorded in Piedmont (Northwestern Italy) during the summer 2022. In the first half of August several accidents occurred in five different farms located in the provinces of Cuneo, Asti and Biella. The first and most severe outbreak was reported in a grazing field located in Sommariva del Bosco (Cuneo) and involved a herd of Piedmontese heifers which ingested a hybrid cultivar of Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense resulting in the death of 50 animals. Sixteen additional deaths were recorded in the following days in the remaining four farms. In all the latter cases, poisoned cows had been fed with the widespread weed S. halepense. Interestingly, farmers complained that no such events have ever been recorded in all previous years, feeding cattle with or grazing on sorghum being a common practice. Shortly after exposure, the affected bovines showed recumbency, sialorrhea, tachypnea, air hunger and muscle tremors followed by acute depression and death, pointing thereby to cyanide poisoning. Most of animals received an oral or intravenous treatment with the antidote sodium thiosulfate, albeit this compound is not typically referred to as the sole remedy against cyanide toxicosis. All treated animals showed a complete recovery. Carcasses of dead animals were subjected to necropsy and sorghum samples were collected in each farm/field to determine the content of the cyanogenic glycoside dhurrin by LC-MS/MS. As a result, dhurrin concentrations up to 10,000 mg/kg were detected in four plant samples collected from the respective involved farms. The anamnesis, the rapid onset, the clinical picture, the remarkable efficacy of the antidote and the results from necropsies strongly indicated cyanide intoxication. This diagnosis was further supported by the high dhurrin concentrations measured in most sorghum samples, which are consistent with the extreme drought conditions that affected the area including the mentioned farms. In that area, the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA) reported several days with summer tropical diurnal and nocturnal temperatures as never experienced before. Therefore, caution is needed when feeding cattle with green chops or while grazing, with a special care in case of potential drought stress suffered by Sorghum plants. Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=156441
in Large Animal Review > 24 (4) (2023) . - 171-175Giantin, S., Franzin, A., Topi, G., Fedrizzi, G., Nebbia, C., 2023 . Outbreaks of lethal cyanogenic glycosides poisonings of cattle after ingestion of Sorghum ssp. grown under drought conditions in August 2022 in Piedmont (North-Western Italy). Large Animal Review, 24(4): 171-175.Documents numériques
Article (2023)URL
Titre : Overview of Cyanide Poisoning in Cattle from Sorghum halepense and S. bicolor Cultivars in Northwest Italy Type de document : Numérique Auteurs : Stefano Giantin ; Alberico Franzin ; Fulvio Brusa ; Vittoria Montemurro ; Elena Bozzetta ; Elisabetta Caprai ; Giorgio Fedrizzi ; Flavia Girolami ; Carlo Nebbia Année de publication : 2024 Article en page(s) : 743 Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes Mots-clés : Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., 1805 Sorghum bicolor Résumé : Sorghum plants naturally produce dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside that may be hydrolysed to cyanide, resulting in often-lethal toxicoses. Ruminants are particularly sensitive to cyanogenic glycosides due to the active role of rumen microbiota in dhurrin hydrolysis. This work provides an overview of a poisoning outbreak that occurred in 5 farms in Northwest Italy in August 2022; a total of 66 cows died, and many others developed acute toxicosis after being fed on either cultivated (Sorghum bicolor) or wild Sorghum (Sorghum halepense). Clinical signs were recorded, and all cows received antidotal/supportive therapy. Dead animals were subjected to necropsy, and dhurrin content was determined in Sorghum specimens using an LC–MS/MS method. Rapid onset, severe respiratory distress, recumbency and convulsions were the main clinical features; bright red blood, a bitter almond smell and lung emphysema were consistently observed on necropsy. The combined i.v. and oral administration of sodium thiosulphate resulted in a rapid improvement of clinical signs. Dhurrin concentrations corresponding to cyanide levels higher than the tolerated threshold of 200 mg/kg were detected in sorghum specimens from 4 out of 5 involved farms; thereafter, such levels declined, reaching tolerable concentrations in September–October. Feeding cattle with wild or cultivated Sorghum as green fodder is a common practice in Northern Italy, especially in summer. However, care should be taken in case of adverse climatic conditions, such as severe drought and tropical temperatures (characterising summer 2022), which are reported to increase dhurrin synthesis and storage. Identifiant : DOI : 10.3390/ani14050743 Permalink : https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=156439
in Animals > 14 (5) (2024) . - 743Giantin, S., Franzin, A., Brusa, F., Montemurro, V., Bozzetta, E., Caprai, E., Fedrizzi, G., Girolami, F., Nebbia, C., 2024 . Overview of Cyanide Poisoning in Cattle from Sorghum halepense and S. bicolor Cultivars in Northwest Italy. Animals, 14(5): 743.Documents numériques
Article (2024)Adobe Acrobat PDF
