Handbook of alien species in Europe Catalogue en ligne

Handbook of alien species in Europe / James A. Drake (2009)

Titre :	Handbook of alien species in Europe
Type de document :	Électronique
Auteurs :	James A. Drake ; Projet de recherche sur les espèces envahissantes (DAISIE)
Editeur :	Springer
Année de publication :	2009
Collection :	Invading Nature, ISSN 2543-0483 num. 3
Importance :	399 p.
ISBN/ISSN/EAN :	978-1-4020-8279-5
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	[CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
Résumé :	First of its kind for Europe. Comprehensive: all taxa, all habitats. Includes 100 fact sheets of the most invasive alien species in Europe, each with distribution map and colour picture.
Lien pérenne :	DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-8280-1
Permalink :	https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81748

A pour extrait

Alien bryophytes and lichens of Europe / Franz Essl (2009)

est un extrait de Handbook of alien species in Europe / James A. Drake (2009)

Titre :	Alien bryophytes and lichens of Europe
Type de document :	Extrait d'ouvrage
Auteurs :	Franz Essl (1973-) ; Philip W. Lambdon
Année de publication :	2009
Importance :	29-41
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	[CBNPMP-Thématique] Bryophytes [CBNPMP-Thématique] Lichen [CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
Résumé :	Bryophytes (Bryophyta) include mosses (Bryopsida), liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and species-poor hornworts (Anthoceratopsida) (Söderström et al. 2002; Hill et al. 2006). Lichens are composite organisms, arising from a mutualistic association between a saprophytic fungus and a photosynthetic alga or bacterium (Ahmadjian 1993). The photosynthetic partner is usually also found as a common free-living species, and only the highly specific fungal partner is likely to be alien within Europe. Lichens are taxonomically disparate, united by common trophic strategy which has been adopted across a diverse range of fungal lineages. Lichens are distantly related to bryophytes, and biologically very different. Why therefore do we consider the two groups together in this chapter? In the context of invasions they share a number of important features which present trong practical parallels in the issues they create: (1) they are poorly recorded, so we have little information to assess their invasion history; (2) they are dispersed efficiently by spores, and have much greater natural colonizing ability than other major taxa; (3) since they have few cultivated uses there is a near-absence of deliberate introductions; (4) being small organisms and rarely parasitic, their impacts tend to be measurable only on a micro-scale (5) the possibility of subtle but long-term effects of such invasions has yet to be considered by the scientific community.
Lien pérenne :	DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-8280-1_3
Permalink :	https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85724

A pan-European inventory of alien species : rationale, implementation and implications for managing biological invasions / Philip Eric Hulme (2008)

est un extrait de Handbook of alien species in Europe / James A. Drake (2009)

Titre :	A pan-European inventory of alien species : rationale, implementation and implications for managing biological invasions
Type de document :	Extrait d'ouvrage
Auteurs :	Philip Eric Hulme ; David Roy ; Teresa Cunha ; Tor-Björn Larson
Année de publication :	2008
Importance :	1-18
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	[CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
Résumé :	Biological invasions by alien (c.f. non-native, non-indigenous, foreign, exotic) species are recognised as a significant component of global environmental change, often resulting in a significant loss in the economic value, biological diversity and function of invaded ecosystems (Wittenberg and Cock 2001). Numerous alien species, many introduced only in the last 200 years ago, have become successfully established over large areas of Europe (Hulme 2007). Future global biodiversity scenarios highlight potentially dramatic increases in biological invasions in European ecosystems (Sala et al. 2000). Interacting effects through rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warmer temperatures, greater nitrogen deposition, altered disturbance regimes and increased habitat fragmentation may facilitate further invasions (Vilà et al. 2006). Early warning and prevention of the harmful impact of alien species on ecosystems is a fundamental requirement of the European Biodiversity Strategy and the EU Action Plan to 2010 and Beyond (European Commission 2006) yet, in the absence of reliable regional analyses, the European states have been unable to tackle this issue strategically (Miller et al. 2006; Hulme et al. 2007). In the United States, the cost of biological invasions has been estimated to total $97 billion hitherto for 79 major bioinvasions (Pimentel et al. 2001). Although only limited monetary data are available at present for Europe, there is a similar indication that biological invasions have imposed losses on the economy. The strongest evidence is for alien pest and weeds that impact upon the agriculture, forestry, aquaculture and other sectors (Williamson 2002). Examples of direct economic impacts include the damage caused by Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica to flood defences and the impact of bark stripping by grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis on forestry production. The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera was accidentally introduced in the 1990s into Serbia and is an important pest of maize and leads to yield losses. Preliminary studies on the potential of establishment of the western corn rootworm show that this pest is likely to survive and develop wherever maize is grown in Europe. Leaving aside introduced pests and diseases affecting agriculture, alien parasites such as Gyrodactylus salaris (an ectoparasite of Atlantic salmon) and Anguillicola crassus (swimbladder nematode of eels) have led to dramatic decreases in fisheries sector incomes in several Nordic countries. The American oyster drill Urosalpinx cinerea is an important gastropod pest of the cultured oyster industry as it feeds preferably on oyster spat and is recorded as consuming more than half the oyster spat in certain European estuaries (Cole 1942). The muskrat Ondatra zibethicus and coypu Myocastor coypus, both introduced by the European fur industry, damage river banks through digging and have increased the risk and severity of floods in many central and southern European countries. Notorious invasive alien weeds are of major economic significance, e.g., Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosioides, knotgrass Paspalum paspaloides, Canadian horsew-eed Conyza canadensis, Bermuda buttercup Oxalis pes-caprae. While other alien plants act as hosts of plant pathogens e.g., rescuegrass Bromus catharticus as host for barley yellow dwarf virus and wheat stem rust. Invasive alien species can also affect human health e.g., phytophotodermatitis through contact with giant hog-weed Heracleum mantegazzianum, asthma and hay-fever arising from the pollen of annual ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia, poisoning of humans through consumption of toxic fruit e.g., American pokeweed Phytolacca americana, silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium, or leptospirosis spread by the brown rat Rattus norvegicus.
Lien pérenne :	DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-8280-1_1
Permalink :	https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85730

Alien vascular plants of Europe / Petr Pyšek (2009)

est un extrait de Handbook of alien species in Europe / James A. Drake (2009)

Titre :	Alien vascular plants of Europe
Type de document :	Extrait d'ouvrage
Auteurs :	Petr Pyšek ; Philip W. Lambdon ; Margarita Arianoutsou
Année de publication :	2009
Importance :	43-61
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	[CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
Résumé :	In terms of invasion biology, vascular plants are the most intensively researched taxonomic group; at least 395 plant invaders have been addressed in detailed case studies globally, accounting for 44% of all invasive taxa studied; after North America, Europe is the continent enjoying the most intensive study with at least 80 invasive plant species having been addressed (Pyŝek et al. 2008). However, although there is a considerable body of information on major plant invaders in Europe (see also Weber 2003), the situation is much less satisfactory as far as complete national inventories of alien plants are concerned. Prior to the DAISIE project (www.europe-aliens.org), only few countries had a sound information on the composition of their alien floras, available in specialised checklists, notably Austria (Essl and Rabitsch 2002), the Czech Republic (Pyek et al. 2002), Germany (Klotz et al. 2002; Kühn and Klotz 2003), Ireland (Reynolds 2002) and the UK (Clement and Foster 1994; Preston et al. 2002, 2004). This situation directly translated into poor knowledge across the European continent. The only available continental analysis of plant invasion patterns in Europe (Weber 1997) was based on data from Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1964–1980), the only synthetic source of information on floras of particular countries, including alien species. This source is, however, nowadays outdated and contains numerous inaccuracies in data for individual countries (Pyŝek 2003). In general, information on the presence and distribution of alien plant species for most European countries was scattered in a variety of published and unpublished accounts and databases; this is the case in other continents too (Meyerson and Mooney 2007). On the plant side, DAISIE was thus a major challenge of collating and assessing existing data on the most numerous group of European aliens and concentrating this information in an authoritative continental inventory.
Lien pérenne :	DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-8280-1_4
Permalink :	https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85734

Plant invasions of protected areas in Europe : an old continent facing new problems / Petr Pyšek (2009)

est un extrait de Handbook of alien species in Europe / James A. Drake (2009)

Titre :	Plant invasions of protected areas in Europe : an old continent facing new problems
Type de document :	Extrait d'ouvrage
Auteurs :	Petr Pyšek ; Piero Genovesi (1960-) ; Jan Pergl (1977-) ; Andrea Monaco ; Jan Wild
Année de publication :	2009
Importance :	209-240
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	[CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
Mots-clés :	Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, 1916 Fallopia Adanson, 1763 Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier, 1895 Impatiens glandulifera Royle, 1833 Robinia pseudoacacia L., 1753
Résumé :	Europe has a particularly long history of land protection measures, and is the region of the world with the largest number of protected areas, which has grown rapidly over the last decades. This was to a large extent due to the Natura 2000 programme of the European Union which focused on extending the existing network of legally protected areas with other habitats of conservation value. As a result, Europe has over 120,000 nationally designated protected sites (the most in the world) and 21 % of the continent area (1,228,576 km2) currently enjoys some form of legal protection. Despite these impressive statistics, the effectiveness of the existing network in protecting biodiversity is constrained by habitat fragmentation and other factors. Despite the generally high awareness of the importance of biodiversity protection in Europe, invasive alien species are not perceived as the most pressing problem by the public. This is in contrast with the fact that many of them have serious impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in protected areas. Among these, Ailanthus altissima, Fallopia taxa, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera and Robinia pseudoacacia are considered as top invaders by managers of protected areas. Surprisingly, continent-wide rigorous data on the distribution and abundance of invasive alien species are lacking and there is an urgent need for collating checklists of alien species using standardised criteria to record their status. With the exception of very few regions such information is missing, or incomplete, based on varying criteria and scattered in grey literature and unpublished reports. To put the management on a more scientific basis the collection and curation of better data is an urgent priority; this could be done by using existing instruments of the EU as a convenient platform. As found by means of a web survey reported here, managers of protected areas in Europe are well aware of the seriousness of the problem and threats imposed by invasive plant species but are constrained in their efforts by the lack of resources, both staff and financial, and that of rigorous scientific information translated into practical guidelines
Lien pérenne :	DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-7750-7_11
Permalink :	https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85808

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Glossary of the main technical terms used in the handbook / Petr Pyšek (2009)

est un tiré à part de Handbook of alien species in Europe / James A. Drake (2009)

Titre :	Glossary of the main technical terms used in the handbook
Type de document :	Tiré à part d'ouvrage
Auteurs :	Petr Pyšek ; Philip Eric Hulme ; Wolfgang Nentwig (1953-)
Année de publication :	2009
Importance :	375-379
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	[CBNPMP-Thématique] Plantes subspontanées, naturalisées, envahissantes
Résumé :	Throughout the Handbook a variety of terms have been used to describe the origin and status of alien species, their residency, the invasibility of ecosystems and the pathways of introduction. We have attempted to use these terms consistently in the Handbook and provide a glossary of definitions. The meaning of these technical terms is based on previously published terminology and reflects how particular categories were understood during the production of the Handbook. It should be made clear that we do not propose a new set of definitions; rather we hope to achieve a broad consensus among different subdisciplines of invasion biologists. Further details of terminology, including additional terms, can be found in the reference list at the end of the glossary.
Lien pérenne :	DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-8280-1_14
Permalink :	https://biblio.cbnpmp.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85733

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