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Ecological specialization and rarity of arable weeds: insights from a comprehensible survey in France / François Munoz in Plants, 9 (7) (July 2020) 

Public Citation [article]  inPlants > 9 (7) (July 2020) . - 824 Titre : Ecological specialization and rarity of arable weeds: insights from a comprehensible survey in France Type de document : Électronique Auteurs : François Munoz (1978-), Auteur ; Guillaume Fried, Auteur ; Laura Armengot, Auteur ; Bérenger Bourgeois, Auteur ; Vincent Bretagnolle, Auteur ; Joël Chadoeuf, Auteur ; Lucie Mahaut (1990-), Auteur ; Christine Plumejeaud, Auteur ; Jonathan Storkey, Auteur ; Cyrille Violle, Auteur ; Sabrina Gaba (1978-), Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 824 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : The definition of “arable weeds” remains contentious. Although much attention has been devoted to specialized, segetal weeds, many taxa found in arable fields also commonly occur in other habitats. The extent to which adjacent habitats are favorable to the weed flora and act as potential sources of colonizers in arable fields remains unclear. In addition, weeds form assemblages with large spatiotemporal variability, so that many taxa in weed flora are rarely observed in plotbased surveys. We thus addressed the following questions: How often do weeds occur in other habitats than arable fields? How does including field edges extend the taxonomic and ecological diversity of weeds? How does the weed flora vary across surveys at different spatial and temporal scales? We built a comprehensive dataset of weed taxa in France by compiling weed flora, lists of specialized segetal weeds, and plot-based surveys in agricultural fields, with different spatial and temporal coverages. We informed life forms, biogeographical origins and conservation status of these weeds. We also defined a broader dataset of plants occupying open habitats in France and assessed habitat specialization of weeds and of other plant species absent from arable fields. Our results show that many arable weeds are frequently recorded in both arable fields and noncultivated open habitats and are, on average, more generalist than species absent from arable fields.Surveys encompassing field edges included species also occurring in mesic grasslands and nitrophilous fringes, suggesting spill-over from surrounding habitats. A total of 71.5% of the French weed flora was not captured in plot-based surveys at regional and national scales, and many rare and declining taxa were of Mediterranean origin. This result underlines the importance of implementing conservation measures for specialist plant species that are particularly reliant on arable fields as a habitat, while also pointing out biotic homogenization of agricultural landscapes as a factor in the declining plant diversity of farmed landscapes. Our dataset provides a reference species pool for France, with associated ecological and biogeographical information. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.3390/plants9070824 Munoz, F., Fried, G., Armengot, L., Bourgeois, B., Bretagnolle, V., Chadoeuf, J., Mahaut, L., Plumejeaud, C., Storkey, J., Violle, C., Gaba, S. 2020. Ecological specialization and rarity of arable weeds: insights from a comprehensible survey in France. Plants, 9(7): 824.

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Ecology theory meets agronomy / Cyrille Violle (2015)

Public Citation est un extrait de Symposium Weed management in changing environments (2015 ; Montpellier) 17th European weed research society symposium, EWRS 2015, 22-26 June 2015, Montpellier SupAgro, France / European weed research society (2015) Titre : Ecology theory meets agronomy Type de document : Extrait d'ouvrage Auteurs : Cyrille Violle Année de publication : 2015 Importance : p. 21 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [Thématique] Malherbologie Violle, C. 2015. Ecology theory meets agronomy. In: Symposium Weed management in changing environments (2015 ; Montpellier) 17th European weed research society symposium, EWRS 2015, 22-26 June 2015, Montpellier SupAgro, France. AFPP = Association française de protection des plantes, Alfortville: 21.

Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions / Clélia Sirami in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116 (33) (July 2019) 

Public Citation [article]  inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America > 116 (33) (July 2019) . - 16442-16447 Titre : Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions Type de document : Imprimé Auteurs : Clélia Sirami (1978-) ; Nicolas Gross ; Aliette Bosem Baillod ; Colette Bertrand ; Romain Carrié ; Annika Hass ; Laura Henckel ; Paul Miguet ; Carole Vuillot ; Audrey Alignier ; Jude Girard ; Péter Batáry ; Yann Clough ; Cyrille Violle ; David Giralt ; Gerard Bota ; Isabelle Badenhausser ; Gaëtan Lefebvre ; Bertrand Gauffre ; Aude Vialatte ; François Calatayud ; Assu Gil-Tena ; Lutz Tischendorf ; Scott Mitchell ; Kathryn Lindsay ; Romain Georges ; Samuel Hilaire ; Jordi Recasens i Guinjuan (1957-) ; Xavier Oriol Solé-Senan ; Irene Robleño ; Jordi Bosch ; Jose Antonio Barrientos ; Antonio Ricarte ; Maria Ángeles Marcos-Garcia ; Jesús Miñano ; Raphaël Mathevet ; Annick Gibon ; Jacques Baudry (1952-) ; Gérard Balent (1949-) ; Brigitte Poulin ; Françoise Burel ; Teja Tscharntke (1952-) ; Vincent Bretagnolle ; Gavin Siriwardena ; Annie Ouin ; Lluis Brotons ; Jean-Louis Martin ; Lenore Fahrig Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : 16442-16447 Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production. Lien pérenne : DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1906419116 Sirami, C., Gross, N., Bosem Baillod, A., Bertrand, C., Carrié, R., Hass, A., Henckel, L., Miguet, P., Vuillot, C., Alignier, A., Girard, J., Batáry, P., Clough, Y., Violle, C., Giralt, D., Bota, G., Badenhausser, I., Lefebvre, G., Gauffre, B., Vialatte, A., Calatayud, F., Gil-Tena, A., Tischendorf, L., Mitchell, S., Lindsay, K., Georges, R., Hilaire, S., Recasens i Guinjuan, J., Solé-Senan, X.O., Robleño, I., Bosch, J., Barrientos, J.A., Ricarte, A., Marcos-Garcia, M.Á., Miñano, J., Mathevet, R., Gibon, A., Baudry, J., Balent, G., Poulin, B., Burel, F., Tscharntke, T., Bretagnolle, V., Siriwardena, G., Ouin, A., Brotons, L., Martin, J.L., Fahrig, L. 2019. Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(33): 16442-16447.

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